Ali Afia, King Michael, Strydom Andre, Hassiotis Angela
The Division of Psychiatry, University College London, 2nd Floor Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London, W1W 7EY, UK.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2016 Mar;51(3):465-74. doi: 10.1007/s00127-015-1133-z. Epub 2015 Oct 24.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether socio-demographic variables and physical disability (e.g. sensory impairment and mobility problems) were associated with self-reported stigma in people with intellectual disabilities (ID), and to examine whether age, sex and ethnicity modified the relationship between severity of intellectual disability and self-reported stigma.
229 participants with mild or moderate intellectual disabilities were recruited from 12 centres/sites in England from community intellectual disability services, day centres, supported housing schemes, voluntary organisations and invitation letters. Information on physical disability and socio-demographic variables were obtained using a structured data collection form. Self-reported stigma was measured using a validated questionnaire.
Age was associated with self-reported stigma, with older adults reporting more stigmatising experiences. Participants with moderate intellectual disabilities were more likely to report being treated differently such as being made fun of and being treated like children. Physical disability such as sensory, mobility and speech problems were not associated with self-reported stigma. Gender modified the relationship between severity of ID and self-reported stigma as participants who were male and had moderate ID were more likely to report stigma compared to females with moderate ID. Categorical age also modified the relationship between severity of ID and self-reported stigma as older participants who had moderate ID were more likely to report stigma compared to younger people with moderate ID.
Older adults and those with moderate ID are potentially at higher risk of being targets of public stigma or are more likely to report stigma. Interventions to help individuals cope with stigma could be targeted to this group.
本研究旨在调查社会人口统计学变量和身体残疾（如感官障碍和行动问题）是否与智力残疾（ID）患者自我报告的耻辱感相关，并检验年龄、性别和种族是否会改变智力残疾严重程度与自我报告耻辱感之间的关系。
从英格兰的12个中心/场所招募了229名轻度或中度智力残疾参与者，这些参与者来自社区智力残疾服务机构、日间护理中心、支持性住房计划、志愿组织以及通过邀请函招募。使用结构化数据收集表获取有关身体残疾和社会人口统计学变量的信息。使用经过验证的问卷测量自我报告的耻辱感。
年龄与自我报告的耻辱感相关，老年人报告的耻辱经历更多。中度智力残疾的参与者更有可能报告受到不同对待，例如被取笑和被当作孩子对待。感官、行动和言语问题等身体残疾与自我报告的耻辱感无关。性别改变了智力残疾严重程度与自我报告耻辱感之间的关系，因为与中度智力残疾的女性相比，中度智力残疾的男性参与者更有可能报告耻辱感。分类年龄也改变了智力残疾严重程度与自我报告耻辱感之间的关系，因为与中度智力残疾的年轻人相比，中度智力残疾的老年参与者更有可能报告耻辱感。
老年人和中度智力残疾者可能更容易成为公众耻辱的对象，或者更有可能报告耻辱感。帮助个人应对耻辱感的干预措施可以针对这一群体。
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