Brown G C, Vilalta A, Fricker M
Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK.
Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, 2308, Australia.
Curr Mol Med. 2015;15(9):842-51. doi: 10.2174/156652401509151105130628.
Cell death by phagocytosis - termed 'phagoptosis' for short - is a form of cell death caused by the cell being phagocytosed i.e. recognised, engulfed and digested by another cell. Phagocytes eat cells that: i) expose 'eat-me' signals, ii) lose 'don't-eat-me' signals, and/or iii) bind opsonins. Live cells may express such signals as a result of cell stress, damage, activation or senescence, which can result in phagoptosis. Phagoptosis may be the most abundant form of cell death physiologically as it mediates erythrocyte turnover. It also regulates: reproduction by phagocytosis of sperm, development by removal stem cells and excess cells, and immunity by removal of activated neutrophils and T cells. Phagoptosis mediates the recognition of non-self and host defence against pathogens and cancer cells. However, in inflammatory conditions, excessive phagoptosis may kill our cells, leading to conditions such as hemophagy and neuronal loss.
通过吞噬作用导致的细胞死亡——简称为“噬式凋亡”——是一种由细胞被吞噬而引起的细胞死亡形式，即被另一个细胞识别、吞噬和消化。吞噬细胞吞噬以下几种细胞：i）暴露“吃我”信号的细胞，ii）失去“别吃我”信号的细胞，和/或iii）结合调理素的细胞。活细胞可能由于细胞应激、损伤、激活或衰老而表达此类信号，这可能导致噬式凋亡。噬式凋亡可能是生理上最丰富的细胞死亡形式，因为它介导红细胞更新。它还通过以下方式进行调节：通过吞噬精子进行繁殖，通过清除干细胞和多余细胞进行发育，以及通过清除活化的中性粒细胞和T细胞进行免疫。噬式凋亡介导对非自身的识别以及宿主对病原体和癌细胞的防御。然而，在炎症条件下，过度的噬式凋亡可能会杀死我们的细胞，导致诸如噬血细胞作用和神经元丧失等情况。
