Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Heart Lung. 2016 Jan-Feb;45(1):41-7. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2015.09.009. Epub 2015 Oct 26.
We examined whether gender differences exist regarding stress, symptom distress, coping, adherence, and social support 5 years after heart transplantation.
Differences exist in health-related quality of life outcomes by gender after heart transplantation; women report poorer outcomes.
Patients (n = 210, female = 42), were from a prospective, multi-site, study of health-related quality of life long-term after heart transplantation. Patients completed self-report instruments 5 years after heart transplantation (mean = 4.98 ± 0.17 years after transplant). Statistical analyses included two-sample t-tests, Chi-square or Fisher's exact test, and multivariable modeling.
Women did not report more overall stress or symptom distress, but reported more difficulty adhering to the transplant regimen, yet more actual adherence than men. Women reported using more negative coping styles, but reported more satisfaction with social support.
Gender differences exist regarding appraisal of stress, coping styles, and coping resources long-term after heart transplantation. These differences may guide tailoring therapy regarding stress, poor coping, and lack of resources.
我们研究了在心脏移植后 5 年，性别差异是否存在于压力、症状困扰、应对方式、依从性和社会支持方面。
心脏移植后，与健康相关的生活质量结果存在性别差异；女性报告的结果较差。
患者（n=210，女性=42）来自心脏移植后长期健康相关生活质量的前瞻性、多地点研究。患者在心脏移植后 5 年完成自我报告量表（平均=4.98±0.17 年移植后）。统计分析包括两样本 t 检验、卡方检验或 Fisher 精确检验以及多变量建模。
女性报告的总体压力或症状困扰并不多，但报告的移植方案依从性较差，但实际依从性高于男性。女性报告使用更多的消极应对方式，但对社会支持的满意度更高。
心脏移植后，女性在压力、应对方式和应对资源的评估方面存在性别差异。这些差异可能有助于针对压力、应对不良和资源不足进行个体化治疗。
