Halabian Mahdi, Beigzadeh Borhan, Karimi Alireza, Shirazi Hadi Asgharzadeh, Shaali Mohammad Hasan
School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846, Iran.
Tissue Engineering and Biological Systems Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16886, Iran.
J Clin Monit Comput. 2016 Dec;30(6):965-975. doi: 10.1007/s10877-015-9801-9. Epub 2015 Oct 29.
One of the main clinical applications of the needles is its practical usage in the femoral vein catheterization. Annually more than two million peoples in the United States are exposed to femoral vein catheterization. How to use the input needles into the femoral vein has a key role in the sense of pain in post-injection and possible injuries, such as tissue damage and bleeding. It has been shown that there might be a correlation between the stresses and deformations due to femoral injection to the tissue and the sense of pain and, consequently, injuries caused by needles. In this study, the stresses and deformations induced by the needle to the femoral tissue were experimentally and numerically investigated in response to an input needle at four different angles, i.e., 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°, via finite element method. In addition, a set of experimental injections at different angles were carried out to compare the numerical results with that of the experimental ones, namely pain score. The results revealed that by increasing the angle of injection up to 60°, the strain at the interaction site of the needle-tissue is increased accordingly while a significant falling is observed at the angle of 90°. In contrast, the stress due to injection was decreased at the region of needle-tissue interaction with showing the lowest one at the angle of 90°. Experimental results were also well confirmed the numerical observations since the lowest pain score was seen at the angle of 90°. The results suggest that the most effective angle of injection would be 90° due to a lower amount of stresses and deformations compared to the other angles of injection. These findings may have implications not only for understating the stresses and deformations induced during injection around the needle-tissue interaction, but also to give an outlook to the doctors to implement the most suitable angle of injection in order to reduce the pain as well as post injury of the patients.
这些针的主要临床应用之一是在股静脉插管中的实际用途。在美国，每年有超过200万人接受股静脉插管。如何将输入针插入股静脉在注射后疼痛以及可能的损伤（如组织损伤和出血）方面起着关键作用。研究表明，股静脉注射对组织产生的应力和变形与疼痛感觉以及由此导致的针伤之间可能存在关联。在本研究中，通过有限元方法，对针在四个不同角度（即30°、45°、60°和90°）插入时对股组织产生的应力和变形进行了实验和数值研究。此外，还进行了一组不同角度的实验性注射，以将数值结果与实验结果（即疼痛评分）进行比较。结果显示，将注射角度增加到60°时，针与组织相互作用部位的应变相应增加，而在90°时则观察到显著下降。相反，在针与组织相互作用区域，注射引起的应力降低，在90°时应力最低。实验结果也很好地证实了数值观察结果，因为在90°时疼痛评分最低。结果表明，与其他注射角度相比，90°的注射角度应力和变形量较低，可能是最有效的注射角度。这些发现不仅有助于理解针与组织相互作用周围注射过程中产生的应力和变形，还能为医生提供参考，以便实施最合适的注射角度，从而减轻患者的疼痛和损伤。
