Department of Economics, Industrial Relations Section, Firestone Library, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
Department of Economics, Industrial Relations Section, Firestone Library, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), 53113 Bonn, Germany.
Science. 2015 Oct 30;350(6260):545-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9555.
We compare estimates of peer effects on worker output in laboratory experiments and field studies from naturally occurring environments. The mean study-level estimate of a change in a worker's productivity in response to an increase in a co-worker's productivity (γ) is γ̑ = 0.12 (SE = 0.03, n(studies) = 34), with a between-study standard deviation τ = 0.16. The mean estimated γ̑-values are close between laboratory and field studies (γ̑(lab) - γ̑(field) = 0.04, P = 0.55, n(lab) = 11, n(field) = 23), as are estimates of between-study variance τ(2) (τ̑(lab)(2) - τ̑(field)(2) = -0.003, P = 0.89). The small mean difference between laboratory and field estimates holds even after controlling for sample characteristics such as incentive schemes and work complexity (γ̑(lab) - γ̑(field) = 0.03, P = 0.62, n(samples) = 46). Laboratory experiments generalize quantitatively in that they provide an accurate description of the mean and variance of productivity spillovers.
我们比较了实验室实验和自然发生环境下实地研究中对工人产出的同伴效应的估计。工人的生产力因同事生产力提高而发生变化的平均研究水平估计值（γ）为γ̑= 0.12（SE = 0.03，n（研究）= 34），研究间标准差τ为 0.16。实验室和实地研究的平均估计γ̑值接近（γ̑（实验室）-γ̑（实地）= 0.04，P = 0.55，n（实验室）= 11，n（实地）= 23），研究间方差τ̑（2）的估计值也是如此（τ̑（实验室）（2）-τ̑（实地）（2）= -0.003，P = 0.89）。即使在控制了激励方案和工作复杂性等样本特征后，实验室和实地估计值之间的平均差异仍然很小（γ̑（实验室）-γ̑（实地）= 0.03，P = 0.62，n（样本）= 46）。实验室实验在数量上具有普遍性，因为它们准确地描述了生产力溢出的均值和方差。
