Pathan Hasan, Williams John
Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK.
Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK ; University of Nottingham, Derby, UK.
Br J Pain. 2012 Feb;6(1):11-6. doi: 10.1177/2049463712438493.
Opioids are a group of analgesic agents commonly used in clinical practice. There are three classical opioid receptors (DOP, KOP and MOP), while the novel NOP receptor is considered to be a non-opioid branch of the opioid receptor family. Opioids can act at these receptors as agonists, antagonists or partial agonists. Opioid agonists bind to G-protein coupled receptors to cause cellular hyperpolarisation. Most clinically relevant opioid analgesics bind to MOP receptors in the central and peripheral nervous system in an agonist manner to elicit analgesia. Opioids may also be classified according to their mode of synthesis into alkaloids, semi-synthetic and synthetic compounds.
阿片类药物是临床实践中常用的一类镇痛药。存在三种经典的阿片受体（DOP、KOP和MOP），而新型的NOP受体被认为是阿片受体家族的非阿片类分支。阿片类药物可作为激动剂、拮抗剂或部分激动剂作用于这些受体。阿片类激动剂与G蛋白偶联受体结合，导致细胞超极化。大多数具有临床相关性的阿片类镇痛药以激动剂的方式与中枢和外周神经系统中的MOP受体结合，从而产生镇痛作用。阿片类药物也可根据其合成方式分为生物碱、半合成和合成化合物。
