Williams John
Consultant Anaesthetist, Derby Royal Infirmary.
Rev Pain. 2008 Mar;1(2):2-5. doi: 10.1177/204946370800100202.
Opioids can be classified according to their mode of synthesis into alkaloids, semi-synthetic and synthetic compounds.There are three classical receptors (DOP, KOP and MOP). The novel NOP receptor is considered to be a non-opioid branch of the opioid receptor family.Opioids can either act as agonists, antagonists or partial agonists at these receptors.Opioid agonists bind to G-protein coupled receptors to cause cellular hyperpolarisation.MOP receptor agonists act in the central and peripheral nervous system to elicit analgesia.
阿片类药物可根据其合成方式分为生物碱、半合成和合成化合物。存在三种经典受体（DOP、KOP和MOP）。新型NOP受体被认为是阿片受体家族的非阿片类分支。阿片类药物在这些受体上可作为激动剂、拮抗剂或部分激动剂起作用。阿片类激动剂与G蛋白偶联受体结合以引起细胞超极化。MOP受体激动剂在中枢和外周神经系统中起作用以产生镇痛效果。
