Wang Eileen, Baras Yelena, Buttenheim Alison M
Department of History and Sociology of Science, University of Pennsylvania, Suite 303 Claudia Cohen Hall, 249 S. 36th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, 416 Fagin Hall, 418 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA.
Vaccine. 2015 Nov 27;33(48):6703-9. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.10.090. Epub 2015 Oct 27.
Although a large majority of parents vaccinate their children, vaccine hesitancy has become more widespread. It is not well understood how this culture of vaccine hesitancy has emerged and how it influences parents' decisions about vaccine schedules.
We sought to examine how attitudes and beliefs of parents who self-report as pro-vaccine are developed and contribute to immunization decisions, including delaying or spacing vaccines.
Open-ended, in-depth interviews (N=23) were conducted with upper-middle class parents with young children living in Philadelphia. Interview data were coded and key themes identified related to vaccine decision-making.
Parents who sought out vaccine information were often overwhelmed by the quantity and ambiguity when interpreting that information, and, consequently, had to rely on their own instinct or judgment to make vaccine decisions. In particular, while parents in this sample did not refuse vaccines, and described themselves as pro-vaccine, they did frequently delay or space vaccines. This experience also generated sympathy for and tolerance of vaccine hesitancy in other parents. Parents also perceived minimal severe consequences for deviating from the recommended immunization schedule.
These findings suggest that the rise in and persistence of vaccine hesitancy and refusal are, in part, influenced by the conflicts in the information parents gather, making it difficult to interpret. Considerable deviations from the recommended vaccination schedule may manifest even within a pro-vaccine population due to this perceived ambiguity of available information and resulting tolerance for vaccine hesitancy.
尽管绝大多数家长都为孩子接种疫苗，但疫苗犹豫现象却日益普遍。目前尚不清楚这种疫苗犹豫文化是如何形成的，以及它如何影响家长关于疫苗接种时间表的决策。
我们试图研究自我报告为支持疫苗接种的家长的态度和信念是如何形成的，以及它们如何影响免疫决策，包括推迟或延长疫苗接种间隔。
对居住在费城的有幼儿的中上层阶级家长进行了开放式深入访谈（N = 23）。对访谈数据进行编码，并确定与疫苗决策相关的关键主题。
寻求疫苗信息的家长在解读这些信息时，常常被其数量和模糊性所困扰，因此不得不依靠自己的直觉或判断来做出疫苗决策。特别是，虽然该样本中的家长没有拒绝疫苗，并将自己描述为支持疫苗接种，但他们确实经常推迟或延长疫苗接种间隔。这种经历也使他们对其他家长的疫苗犹豫表示同情和宽容。家长们还认为偏离推荐的免疫接种时间表所带来的严重后果微乎其微。
这些发现表明，疫苗犹豫和拒绝现象的增加及持续存在，部分是受家长所收集信息中的冲突影响，这些冲突使得信息难以解读。由于所感知到的现有信息的模糊性以及由此产生的对疫苗犹豫的宽容，即使在支持疫苗接种的人群中，也可能出现与推荐接种时间表的显著偏差。
