Clemmons Nakia S, Gastanaduy Paul A, Fiebelkorn Amy Parker, Redd Susan B, Wallace Gregory S
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015 Apr 17;64(14):373-6.
Measles is a highly contagious, acute viral illness that can lead to complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis, and death. As a result of high 2-dose measles vaccination coverage in the United States and improved control of measles in the World Health Organization's Region of the Americas, the United States declared measles elimination (defined as interruption of year-round endemic transmission) in 2000. Importations from other countries where measles remains endemic continue to occur, however, which can lead to clusters of measles cases in the United States. To update surveillance data on current measles outbreaks, CDC analyzed cases reported during January 4-April 2, 2015. A total of 159 cases were reported during this period. Over 80% of the cases occurred among persons who were unvaccinated or had unknown vaccination status. Four outbreaks have occurred, with one accounting for 70% of all measles cases this year. The continued risk for importation of measles into the United States and occurrence of measles cases and outbreaks in communities with high proportions of unvaccinated persons highlight the need for sustained, high vaccination coverage across the country.
麻疹是一种具有高度传染性的急性病毒性疾病，可导致肺炎、脑炎等并发症甚至死亡。由于美国两剂次麻疹疫苗接种覆盖率高，以及世界卫生组织美洲区域对麻疹的防控得到改善，美国于2000年宣布消除麻疹（定义为全年地方性传播中断）。然而，来自其他仍有麻疹流行国家的输入病例仍不断出现，这可能导致美国出现麻疹病例聚集。为更新当前麻疹疫情的监测数据，美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）分析了2015年1月4日至4月2日期间报告的病例。在此期间共报告了159例病例。超过80%的病例发生在未接种疫苗或疫苗接种状况不明的人群中。已发生了四起疫情，其中一起占今年所有麻疹病例的70%。麻疹输入美国的持续风险以及在未接种疫苗人群比例高的社区出现麻疹病例和疫情，凸显了在全国持续保持高疫苗接种覆盖率的必要性。
