Panebianco Daria, Gallupe Owen, Carrington Peter J, Colozzi Ivo
National Addiction Centre, Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 4 Windsor Walk, Denmark Hill, London, England SE5 8BB, United Kingdom.
Department of Sociology and Legal Studies, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1.
Int J Drug Policy. 2016 Jan;27:146-53. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.09.009. Epub 2015 Sep 28.
The success of treatment for substance use issues varies with personal and social factors, including the composition and structure of the individual's personal support network. This paper describes the personal support networks and social capital of a sample of Italian adults after long-term residential therapeutic treatment for substance use issues, and analyses network correlates of post-treatment substance use (relapse).
Using a social network analysis approach, data were obtained from structured interviews (90-120 min long) with 80 former clients of a large non-governmental therapeutic treatment agency in Italy providing voluntary residential treatments and rehabilitation services for substance use issues. Participants had concluded the program at least six months prior. Data were collected on socio-demographic variables, addiction history, current drug use status (drug-free or relapsed), and the composition and structure of personal support networks. Factors related to risk of relapse were assessed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models.
A main goal of this study was to identify differences between the support network profiles of drug free and relapsed participants. Drug free participants had larger, less dense, more heterogeneous and reciprocal support networks, and more brokerage social capital than relapsed participants. Additionally, a lower risk of relapse was associated with higher socio-economic status, being married/cohabiting, and having network members with higher socio-economic status, who have greater occupational heterogeneity, and reciprocate support.
Post-treatment relapse was found to be negatively associated with the socioeconomic status and occupational heterogeneity of ego's support network, reciprocity in the ties between ego and network members, and a support network in which the members are relatively loosely connected with one another (i.e., ego possesses "brokerage social capital"). These findings suggest the incorporation into therapeutic programming of interventions that address those aspects of clients' personal support networks.
物质使用问题的治疗成功率因个人和社会因素而异，包括个人支持网络的组成和结构。本文描述了意大利成年人在接受长期住院治疗以解决物质使用问题后的个人支持网络和社会资本，并分析了治疗后物质使用（复发）的网络相关因素。
采用社会网络分析方法，数据来自对意大利一家大型非政府治疗机构的80名前客户进行的结构化访谈（时长90 - 120分钟），该机构为物质使用问题提供自愿住院治疗和康复服务。参与者至少在六个月前结束了该项目。收集了社会人口统计学变量、成瘾史、当前药物使用状况（无药物使用或复发）以及个人支持网络的组成和结构等数据。使用二元和多元逻辑回归模型评估与复发风险相关的因素。
本研究的一个主要目标是确定无药物使用和复发参与者的支持网络概况之间的差异。无药物使用的参与者比复发参与者拥有更大、密度更低、更多样化和相互支持的网络，以及更多的中介社会资本。此外，复发风险较低与较高的社会经济地位、已婚/同居以及拥有社会经济地位较高、职业异质性更大且相互支持的网络成员有关。
研究发现，治疗后复发与自我支持网络的社会经济地位和职业异质性、自我与网络成员之间关系的互惠性以及成员之间联系相对松散的支持网络（即自我拥有“中介社会资本”）呈负相关。这些发现表明，应将针对客户个人支持网络这些方面的干预措施纳入治疗方案。
