KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, University of Crete, PO Box 1385, Iraklio, Crete, GR-711 10 Greece; Department of Biology, University of Crete, PO Box 1385, GR-711 10 Iraklio, Crete, Greece.
KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, University of Crete, PO Box 1385, Iraklio, Crete, GR-711 10 Greece.
Trends Biochem Sci. 2016 Feb;41(2):175-189. doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.09.005. Epub 2015 Oct 28.
The Type III secretion system (T3SS) is a protein export pathway that is widespread in Gram-negative bacteria and delivers effector proteins directly into eukaryotic cells. At its core lie the injectisome (a sophisticated transmembrane secretion apparatus) and a complex network of specialized chaperones that target secretory proteins to the antechamber of the injectisome. The assembly of the system, and the subsequent secretion of proteins through it, undergo fine-tuned, hierarchical regulation. Here, we present the current understanding of the injectisome assembly process, secretion hierarchy, and the role of chaperones. We discuss these events in light of available structural and biochemical dissection and propose future directions essential to revealing mechanistic insight into this fascinating nanomachine.
III 型分泌系统（T3SS）是一种广泛存在于革兰氏阴性菌中的蛋白输出途径，可将效应蛋白直接输送到真核细胞中。其核心包括注射器（一种复杂的跨膜分泌装置）和一个专门的伴侣蛋白网络，该网络将分泌蛋白靶向注射器的前室。该系统的组装以及随后的蛋白质分泌都经过精细的层次调节。在这里，我们介绍了目前对注射器组装过程、分泌层次以及伴侣蛋白作用的理解。我们根据现有的结构和生化分析来讨论这些事件，并提出了揭示这种迷人纳米机器的机制见解的未来方向。
