Hur Juyoen, Iordan Alexandru D, Berenbaum Howard, Dolcos Florin
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States.
Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States.
Biol Psychol. 2016 Dec;121(Pt B):213-220. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.10.007. Epub 2015 Nov 10.
Despite increasing evidence suggesting interactive effects of emotion and attention on perceptual processing, it still remains unclear how their interplay influences affective learning, such as fear conditioning. In the present study, a conditioning procedure using threat-related conditioned stimuli (CSs) was implemented while executive load and attentional focus were manipulated. The modulation effects of neuroticism and contingency awareness were also examined. Results showed that fear conditioning depended on the available executive resources even with threat-related CSs. In addition, although individuals with high neuroticism showed an enhanced conditioning effect overall, this facilitation effect still depended on the availability of executive resources. Finally, the impact of attentional focus was most evident among individuals with high neuroticism who were aware of the contingency. Overall, the present study demonstrates interactive effects of emotion and attention in fear conditioning, while illuminating mechanisms of individual differences and clarifying the controversial role of contingency awareness in fear conditioning.
尽管越来越多的证据表明情绪和注意力在知觉加工中存在交互作用，但它们之间的相互作用如何影响情感学习，如恐惧条件反射，仍不清楚。在本研究中，实施了一种使用与威胁相关的条件刺激（CSs）的条件反射程序，同时对执行负荷和注意力焦点进行了操纵。还考察了神经质和意外性意识的调节作用。结果表明，即使使用与威胁相关的CSs，恐惧条件反射也依赖于可用的执行资源。此外，尽管高神经质个体总体上表现出增强的条件反射效应，但这种促进效应仍依赖于执行资源的可用性。最后，注意力焦点的影响在意识到意外性的高神经质个体中最为明显。总体而言，本研究证明了情绪和注意力在恐惧条件反射中的交互作用，同时阐明了个体差异的机制，并澄清了意外性意识在恐惧条件反射中存在争议的作用。
