Oladipo G S, Aigbogun E O, Akani G L
Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Anat Res Int. 2015;2015:986029. doi: 10.1155/2015/986029. Epub 2015 Oct 7.
Background. The evolution from quadrupedalism to bipedalism has adjusted the balance of the upper limb to extensive movement at the shoulder. The scapular angles provide the point of attachment and control to various muscles and have been associated with the different movements of the shoulder girdle and joint. This has made the morphometric and anthropometric study of scapula a subject of extensive investigation. Aim. In the present study, the angle at the medial border was measured in the South-Southern Nigerian population and an anatomical name was ascribed to the angle. Method. The study was conducted on 173 scapulae (75 right and 98 left) obtained from various Anatomy Department of South-Sothern Nigerian Universities. The angle at medial border was obtained by pinning the edge of the superior and inferior angles, the lined traced out, and the angle measured using a protractor. SPSS version 20 was used to analyse the data. t-test was used to determine mean angular difference in the sides. Result. The mean ± SD of the medial angle was observed to be 136.88 ± 7.70° (R = 138.13 ± 7.06° : L = 135.92 ± 8.05°). Statistical analysis using the Z-test for mean difference showed the medial angle was found to be higher in the right side of the scapula (mean difference of 2.214 ± 1.152°), but the observed difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The above findings have adjusted the scapula from three to four angles (lateral, superior, inferior, and medial) formed from four borders (lateral, superior, inferior, and superomedial and inferomedial). The medial angle because of its anatomical location was named "spinovertebral" angle, owing to its position at the scapulae spine, and located in medial proximity to the vertebra column. Conclusion. The medial angle (now referred to as the spinovertebral angle) of the right side of the scapula is wider than the left. The representation of the spinovertebral angle is very important, as the directional attachment of the levator scapulae may be altered if it increases or decreases greatly hence resulting in stiffness of the neck. At this point, it could be postulated that the scapular is quadrangular rather than triangular.
背景。从四足行走到双足行走的进化调整了上肢的平衡，使其在肩部能够进行大幅度运动。肩胛角为各种肌肉提供附着点并起到控制作用，且与肩胛带和关节的不同运动相关。这使得肩胛骨的形态测量和人体测量研究成为广泛研究的课题。目的。在本研究中，对尼日利亚西南部人群的肩胛骨内侧缘角度进行测量，并为该角度赋予一个解剖学名称。方法。本研究对从尼日利亚西南部各大学解剖学系获取的173块肩胛骨（75块右侧，98块左侧）进行。通过固定肩胛骨上角和下角的边缘，画出连线，并用角度量角器测量内侧缘角度。使用SPSS 20版本分析数据。采用t检验确定两侧的平均角度差异。结果。观察到内侧角的平均值±标准差为136.88±7.70°（右侧=138.13±7.06°：左侧=135.92±8.05°）。使用Z检验进行平均差异的统计分析表明，肩胛骨右侧的内侧角更高（平均差异为2.214±1.152°），但观察到的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。上述发现使肩胛骨从由四条边界（外侧、上侧、下侧以及上内侧和下内侧）形成的三个角调整为四个角（外侧角、上角、下角和内侧角）。由于其解剖位置，内侧角因其位于肩胛骨脊柱处且靠近脊柱内侧，故而被命名为“棘椎”角。结论。肩胛骨右侧的内侧角（现称为棘椎角）比左侧宽。棘椎角的呈现非常重要，因为如果其大幅增大或减小，肩胛提肌的定向附着可能会改变，从而导致颈部僵硬。此时，可以推测肩胛骨是四边形而非三角形。
