Kobayashi Erika, Liang Jersey, Sugawara Ikuko, Fukaya Taro, Shinkai Shoji, Akiyama Hiroko
Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology.
School of Public Health.
Psychol Aging. 2015 Dec;30(4):952-66. doi: 10.1037/pag0000053. Epub 2015 Nov 2.
Japanese older people experienced drastic changes in family structure and values after World War II at different life stages by birth cohorts. We examined how linkages between different types of social ties and life satisfaction (LS) vary across cohorts, in conjunction with age and survey year differences. Data from face-to-face interviews conducted in 1987, 1999, and 2012 with a nationally representative sample of older Japanese (N = 4,917) were analyzed. The participants were members of 4 birth cohorts (C1: 1901-1912, C2: 1913-1924, C3: 1925-1936, C4: 1937-1949), categorized into 6 groups based on cohort and age at time of measurement (young-old [YO]: 63-74; old-old [OO]: 75-86): C1OO, C2YO, C2OO, C3YO, C3OO, and C4YO. Effects of social networks on LS among the 6 groups were compared simultaneously and separately by gender using the Amos software. There were significant cohort variations in the linkages between family network and LS. The positive association between being married and LS was stronger for later cohorts (C3, C4) among men, whereas that of co-residence with a child and LS was stronger for the earlier cohorts (C1, C2) among women. Moreover, the positive association between meeting with nonfamily members and LS increased from 1987 to 2012 among women, indicating a period effect over a cohort effect. The effects of being married and participation in community groups on LS also changed with age. Our results suggest that linkages between social relations and LS should be interpreted within the context of individual and social changes over time.
二战后，日本老年人在不同的人生阶段，因出生队列不同，家庭结构和价值观经历了巨大变化。我们研究了不同类型社会关系与生活满意度（LS）之间的联系如何因队列不同而有所差异，同时考虑了年龄和调查年份的差异。对1987年、1999年和2012年对具有全国代表性的日本老年人样本（N = 4,917）进行的面对面访谈数据进行了分析。参与者是4个出生队列（C1：1901 - 1912年，C2：1913 - 1924年，C3：1925 - 1936年，C4：1937 - 1949年）的成员，根据队列和测量时的年龄分为6组（年轻老人[YO]：63 - 74岁；年老老人[OO]：75 - 86岁）：C1OO、C2YO、C2OO、C3YO、C3OO和C4YO。使用Amos软件按性别同时并分别比较了这6组人群中社会网络对生活满意度的影响。家庭网络与生活满意度之间的联系存在显著的队列差异。在男性中，结婚与生活满意度之间的正相关关系在较晚队列（C3、C4）中更强，而在女性中，与孩子同住与生活满意度之间的正相关关系在较早队列（C1、C2）中更强。此外，在女性中，与非家庭成员见面与生活满意度之间的正相关关系从1987年到2012年有所增加，表明存在时期效应而非队列效应。结婚和参与社区团体对生活满意度的影响也随年龄而变化。我们的结果表明，社会关系与生活满意度之间的联系应在个人和社会随时间变化的背景下进行解释。
