Tamir Maya, Schwartz Shalom H, Cieciuch Jan, Riediger Michaela, Torres Claudio, Scollon Christie, Dzokoto Vivian, Zhou Xiaolu, Vishkin Allon
Department of Psychology.
Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2016 Jul;111(1):67-82. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000072. Epub 2015 Nov 2.
Values reflect how people want to experience the world; emotions reflect how people actually experience the world. Therefore, we propose that across cultures people desire emotions that are consistent with their values. Whereas prior research focused on the desirability of specific affective states or 1 or 2 target emotions, we offer a broader account of desired emotions. After reporting initial evidence for the potential causal effects of values on desired emotions in a preliminary study (N = 200), we tested the predictions of our proposed model in 8 samples (N = 2,328) from distinct world cultural regions. Across cultural samples, we found that people who endorsed values of self-transcendence (e.g., benevolence) wanted to feel more empathy and compassion, people who endorsed values of self-enhancement (e.g., power) wanted to feel more anger and pride, people who endorsed values of openness to change (e.g., self-direction) wanted to feel more interest and excitement, and people who endorsed values of conservation (e.g., tradition) wanted to feel more calmness and less fear. These patterns were independent of differences in emotional experience. We discuss the implications of our value-based account of desired emotions for understanding emotion regulation, culture, and other individual differences. (PsycINFO Database Record
价值观反映了人们希望如何体验世界；情感反映了人们实际如何体验世界。因此，我们提出，在不同文化中，人们渴望与自身价值观相符的情感。以往的研究聚焦于特定情感状态或一两种目标情感的可取性，而我们对渴望的情感给出了更宽泛的描述。在一项初步研究（N = 200）中报告了价值观对渴望情感的潜在因果效应的初步证据后，我们在来自不同世界文化区域的8个样本（N = 2328）中对我们提出的模型的预测进行了测试。在所有文化样本中，我们发现，认同自我超越价值观（如仁爱）的人希望感受到更多的同理心和同情心，认同自我提升价值观（如权力）的人希望感受到更多的愤怒和自豪，认同开放变革价值观（如自主导向）的人希望感受到更多的兴趣和兴奋，认同保守价值观（如传统）的人希望感受到更多的平静且更少恐惧。这些模式与情感体验的差异无关。我们讨论了基于价值观的渴望情感描述对于理解情绪调节、文化及其他个体差异的意义。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》 ）
