Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouer, British Columbia, CanadaV6T 1Z1.
Chem Soc Rev. 2016 Feb 21;45(4):922-53. doi: 10.1039/c5cs00725a. Epub 2015 Nov 2.
A survey of the state-of-the-art in the development of synthetic methods to incorporate p-block elements into polymers is given. The incorporation of main group elements (groups 13-16) into long chains provides access to materials with fascinating chemical and physical properties imparted by the presence of inorganic groups. Perhaps the greatest impedance to the widespread academic and commercial use of p-block element-containing macromolecules is the synthetic challenge associated with linking inorganic elements into long chains. In recent years, creative methodologies have been developed to incorporate heteroatoms into polymeric structures, with perhaps the greatest advances occurring with hybrid organic-inorganic polymers composed of boron, silicon, phosphorus and sulfur. With these developments, materials are currently being realized that possess exciting chemical, photophysical and thermal properties that are not possible for conventional organic polymers. This review focuses on highlighting the most significant recent advances whilst giving an appropriate background for the general reader. Of particular focus will be advances made over the last two decades, with emphasis on the novel synthetic methodologies employed.
本文综述了将 p 区元素引入聚合物的合成方法的最新进展。主族元素（第 13-16 族）的引入赋予了长链材料迷人的化学和物理性质，这些性质是由无机基团的存在赋予的。阻碍 p 区元素高分子材料在学术和商业上广泛应用的最大障碍，可能是将无机元素连接成长链所面临的合成挑战。近年来，人们开发了创造性的方法将杂原子引入聚合物结构中，其中最大的进展可能发生在由硼、硅、磷和硫组成的杂化有机-无机聚合物中。随着这些发展，目前正在实现具有令人兴奋的化学、光物理和热性能的材料，这是传统有机聚合物所不可能具有的。本文重点介绍了最近的重大进展，并为普通读者提供了适当的背景知识。特别关注的是过去二十年取得的进展，重点介绍所采用的新颖合成方法。
