City of Stuttgart, Department for Environmental Protection, Gaisburgstr. 4, 70182 Stuttgart, Germany.
Ingenieurgesellschaft Prof. Kobus und Partner GmbH, Hessbruehlstr. 21, 70565 Stuttgart, Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 2016 Sep 1;563-564:704-12. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.078. Epub 2015 Oct 31.
In general, groundwater in urban areas is exposed to anthropogenic influence and suffers from concentrations of contaminants. Stuttgart, as a highly industrialized city, has more than 5000 contaminated sites which might influence the Stuttgart's mineral water quality. Despite tremendous efforts and intensive single site orientated remediation since 1984 in downtown, the mineral springs were still affected with chlorinated hydrocarbons at low concentrations. Therefore, the applied practices of environmental management and measures for mitigation of pollution sources were not sufficient and had to be adjusted. The main goal of this study is to define an integral remediation plan (a groundwater management plan), focusing on the key sources of chlorinated solvents which are relevant for the mineral springs. For the large-scale investigated area of 26.6km(2) and eight aquifers, an extensive investigation and characterization methods were used in order to delineate the contamination plumes. By means of a 3D numerical model, the prioritization of the contaminated sites could be performed. Five contaminated sites with high remediation priority and need for optimized or additional remediation efforts were determined. For those five contaminated sites feasibility studies were performed which resulted in recommendation of remediation measures with total costs of more than 12.5 million euros. The proposed strategy and approach are suitable for multiple sources of contamination. Only in this way, the contributions of single contaminated sites to the total groundwater contamination can be identified and local remediation measures with their spatial impact simulated. Due to very complex geological conditions, technically there is no alternative to this strategy in order to achieve the contamination reduction in groundwater.
一般来说，城市地区的地下水受到人为影响，并受到污染物浓度的影响。斯图加特作为一个高度工业化的城市，有超过 5000 个受污染的地点，这些地点可能会影响斯图加特矿泉水的水质。尽管自 1984 年以来，在市中心进行了大量的努力和密集的单一地点定向修复，但矿泉仍受到低浓度氯化碳氢化合物的影响。因此，应用的环境管理实践和污染源缓解措施不足，必须进行调整。本研究的主要目标是制定一个综合修复计划（地下水管理计划），重点关注与矿泉水有关的氯化溶剂的关键污染源。在所调查的 26.6 平方公里和八个含水层的大规模区域，采用了广泛的调查和特征描述方法来划定污染羽流。通过三维数值模型，可以对污染地点进行优先级排序。确定了五个具有高修复优先级和需要优化或额外修复工作的污染地点。对这五个污染地点进行了可行性研究，提出了修复措施的建议，总费用超过 1250 万欧元。所提出的策略和方法适用于多种污染源。只有这样，才能确定单个污染地点对地下水总污染的贡献，并模拟局部修复措施及其空间影响。由于地质条件非常复杂，在技术上，为了减少地下水的污染，除了这种策略别无选择。
