van der Wal Martha A, Scheele Fedde, Schönrock-Adema Johanna, Jaarsma A Debbie C, Cohen-Schotanus Janke
Center for Education Development and Research in Health Professions (CEDAR), University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
St. Lucas Andreas Hospital (SLAZ), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
BMC Med Educ. 2015 Nov 2;15:195. doi: 10.1186/s12909-015-0480-5.
Within the current health care system, leadership is considered important for physicians. leadership is mostly self-taught, through observing and practicing. Does the practice environment offer residents enough opportunities to observe the supervisor leadership behaviours they have to learn? In the current study we investigate which leadership behaviours residents observe throughout their training, which behaviours supervisors report to display and whether residents and supervisors have a need for more formal training.
We performed two questionnaire studies. Study 1: Residents (n = 117) answered questions about the extent to which they observed four basic and observable Situational Leadership behaviours in their supervisors. Study 2: Supervisors (n = 201) answered questions about the extent to which they perceived to display these Situational Leadership behaviours in medical practice. We asked both groups of participants whether they experienced a need for formal leadership training.
One-third of the residents did not observe the four basic Situational Leadership behaviours. The same pattern was found among starting, intermediate and experienced residents. Moreover, not all supervisors showed these 4 leadership behaviours. Both supervisors and residents expressed a need for formal leadership training.
Both findings together suggest that current practice does not offer residents enough opportunities to acquire these leadership behaviours by solely observing their supervisors. Moreover, residents and supervisors both express a need for more formal leadership training. More explicit attention should be paid to leadership development, for example by providing formal leadership training for supervisors and residents.
在当前的医疗保健系统中，领导力对医生而言被认为很重要。领导力大多是通过观察和实践自学而来。实践环境是否为住院医师提供了足够的机会来观察他们必须学习的上级领导行为？在本研究中，我们调查了住院医师在整个培训过程中观察到哪些领导行为，上级报告显示了哪些行为，以及住院医师和上级是否需要更正规的培训。
我们进行了两项问卷调查研究。研究1：117名住院医师回答了关于他们在上级中观察到四种基本且可观察到的情境领导行为的程度的问题。研究2：201名上级回答了关于他们在医疗实践中认为自己展示这些情境领导行为的程度的问题。我们询问了两组参与者是否觉得有必要接受正规的领导力培训。
三分之一的住院医师没有观察到四种基本的情境领导行为。在初、中、高级住院医师中都发现了同样的模式。此外，并非所有上级都表现出这四种领导行为。上级和住院医师都表示需要正规的领导力培训。
这两项研究结果共同表明，当前的实践并没有为住院医师提供足够的机会，让他们仅通过观察上级来习得这些领导行为。此外，住院医师和上级都表示需要更正规的领导力培训。应该更加明确地关注领导力发展，例如为上级和住院医师提供正规的领导力培训。
