Chou Chih-Mei, Wang Li-Pang, Kao Jimmy C M, Lin Kae-Long, Chang Yu-Min
Department of Environment and Property Management, Jinwen University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Waste Manag Res. 2016 Feb;34(2):165-70. doi: 10.1177/0734242X15611735. Epub 2015 Nov 2.
The novelty of this study is to rapidly reduce hazardous lead leachates from solid waste using microwave digestion treatment, which is an energy-saving and low greenhouse gas emission technology. The article presents the reduction of toxic characteristic leaching procedure-extractable lead concentration in the municipal solid waste incineration fly ash by the microwave digestion treatment in HNO3/H2SO4 combination, and focuses on the effects of treatment time and temperature. The results obtained from this study indicated a significant reduction efficiency of toxic characteristic leaching procedure-extractable lead concentration and showed sufficient reduction in leaching levels to render the treated fly ash safe in lead compound leaching characteristics. The reduction efficiency of toxic characteristic leaching procedure-extractable lead concentration can reach 98% in 15 minutes of treatment time. This is equivalent to the original toxic characteristic leaching procedure-extractable lead concentration of 46.2 mg L(-1) in raw fly ash being reduced down to less than 1.0 mg L(-1). Based on the experimental data obtained in this study, a useful correlation between reduction efficiency and treatment conditions is proposed. For engineering applications, the necessary minimum treatment time is solved using a graphic illustration method, by which the minimum treatment time (t(min)) is obtained if the desired reduction efficiency (η) and treatment temperature (T) are known. The effects of treatment time and temperature are discussed. Some problems caused by the microwave digestion treatment method are also delineated in this article.
本研究的新颖之处在于利用微波消解处理快速降低固体废物中的有害铅渗滤液，这是一种节能且温室气体排放低的技术。本文介绍了通过在HNO₃/H₂SO₄组合中进行微波消解处理，降低城市固体废物焚烧飞灰中有毒特性浸出程序可提取铅浓度的情况，并重点关注处理时间和温度的影响。本研究获得的结果表明，有毒特性浸出程序可提取铅浓度的降低效率显著，且浸出水平有足够降低，使处理后的飞灰在铅化合物浸出特性方面安全。在处理15分钟时，有毒特性浸出程序可提取铅浓度的降低效率可达98%。这相当于将原始生飞灰中46.2 mg L⁻¹的有毒特性浸出程序可提取铅浓度降低至低于1.0 mg L⁻¹。基于本研究获得的实验数据，提出了降低效率与处理条件之间的有用关联。对于工程应用，使用图解法求解所需的最短处理时间，通过该方法，如果已知所需的降低效率（η）和处理温度（T），则可获得最短处理时间（t(min)）。讨论了处理时间和温度的影响。本文还阐述了微波消解处理方法引起的一些问题。
