Fasinu Pius S, Gurley Bill J, Walker Larry A
National Center for Natural products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University MS 38677, USA.
Curr Drug Metab. 2015;17(1):52-64. doi: 10.2174/1389200216666151103115053.
For healthcare professionals, the volume of literature available on herb-drug interactions often makes it difficult to separate experimental/potential interactions from those deemed clinically relevant. There is a need for concise and conclusive information to guide pharmacotherapy in HIV/AIDS. In this review, the bases for potential interaction of medicinal herbs with specific antiretroviral drugs are presented, and several botanicals are discussed for which clinically relevant interactions in humans are established. Such studies have provided, in most cases, sufficient ground to warrant the avoidance of concurrent administration of antiretroviral (ARVs) drugs with St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), black pepper (Piper species) and grapefruit juice. Other botanicals that require caution in the use with antiretrovirals include African potato (Hypoxis hemerocallidea), ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba), ginseng (Panax species), garlic (Allium sativum), goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) and kava kava (Piper methysticum). The knowledge of clinically significant herb-drug interaction will be important in order to avoid herb-induced risk of sub-therapeutic exposure to ARVs (which can lead to viral resistance) or the precipitation of toxicity (which may lead to poor compliance and/or discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy).
对于医疗保健专业人员而言，有关草药与药物相互作用的文献数量众多，常常难以区分实验性/潜在性相互作用与那些被认为具有临床相关性的相互作用。需要简洁而确凿的信息来指导艾滋病毒/艾滋病的药物治疗。在本综述中，介绍了草药与特定抗逆转录病毒药物潜在相互作用的依据，并讨论了几种已证实存在与人类临床相关相互作用的植物药。在大多数情况下，此类研究已提供了充分的理由，以避免抗逆转录病毒（ARV）药物与圣约翰草（贯叶连翘）、黑胡椒（胡椒属物种）和葡萄柚汁同时使用。其他在与抗逆转录病毒药物联用时需要谨慎使用的植物药包括非洲土豆（黄精）、银杏（银杏）、人参（人参属物种）、大蒜（大蒜）、白毛茛（白毛茛）和卡瓦胡椒（卡瓦胡椒）。了解具有临床意义的草药与药物相互作用对于避免因草药导致的抗逆转录病毒药物治疗不足风险（这可能导致病毒耐药性）或毒性反应（这可能导致依从性差和/或抗逆转录病毒治疗中断）非常重要。
