Seo Jakyeom, Jung Jae Keun, Seo Seongwon
Animal Biosystem Sciences, Chungnam National University , Daejeon , Republic of Korea ; Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University , Miryang , South Korea.
Animal Biosystem Sciences, Chungnam National University , Daejeon , Republic of Korea.
PeerJ. 2015 Oct 22;3:e1343. doi: 10.7717/peerj.1343. eCollection 2015.
Much research on animal feed has focused on finding alternative feed ingredients that can replace conventional ones (e.g., grains and beans) to reduce feed costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic, as well as nutritional value of spent coffee grounds (SCG) and Japanese mugwort (Artemisia princeps) residues (APR) as alternative feed ingredients for ruminants. We also investigated whether pre-fermentation using Lactobacillus spp. was a feasible way to increase the feed value of these by-products. Chemical analyses and an in vitro study were conducted for SCG, APR, and their pre-fermented forms. All the experimental diets for in vitro ruminal fermentation were formulated to contain a similar composition of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients at 1x maintenance feed intake based on the dairy National Research Council (NRC). The control diet was composed of ryegrass, corn, soybean meal, whereas the treatments consisted of SCG, SCG fermented with Lactobacillus spp. (FSCG), APR, and its fermented form (FAPR). The treatment diets replaced 100 g/kg dry matter (DM) of the feed ingredients in the control. Costs were lower for the all treatments, except FAPR, than that of the control. After 24-h incubation, the NDF digestibility of the diets containing SCG and its fermented form were significantly lower than those of the other diets (P < 0.01); pre-fermentation tended to increase NDF digestibility (P = 0.07), especially for APR. Supplementation of SCG significantly decreased total gas production (ml/g DM) after 24-h fermentation in comparison with the control (P < 0.05); however, there were no significant differences between the control and the SCG or the APR diets in total gas production, as expressed per Korean Won (KRW). Diets supplemented with SCG or FSCG tended to have a higher total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, expressed as per KRW, compared with the control (P = 0.06). Conversely, the fermentation process of SCG and APR significantly decreased total gas production and VFA production as expressed per KRW (P < 0.05). Because of their nutrient composition and relatively lower cost, we concluded that SCG and APR could be used as alternative feed sources, replacing conventional feed ingredients. However, pre-fermentation of agricultural by-products, such as SCG and APR, may be inappropriate for improving their nutritive considering the increase in production costs.
许多关于动物饲料的研究都集中在寻找能够替代传统饲料成分（如谷物和豆类）的替代饲料原料，以降低饲料成本。本研究的目的是评估咖啡渣（SCG）和艾草残渣（APR）作为反刍动物替代饲料原料的经济价值和营养价值。我们还研究了使用乳酸杆菌进行预发酵是否是提高这些副产品饲料价值的可行方法。对SCG、APR及其预发酵形式进行了化学分析和体外研究。所有用于体外瘤胃发酵的实验日粮均按照美国国家研究委员会（NRC）奶牛维持饲料摄入量1倍的标准，配制粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维和总可消化养分组成相似的日粮。对照日粮由黑麦草、玉米、豆粕组成，而处理组日粮包括SCG、经乳酸杆菌发酵的SCG（FSCG）、APR及其发酵形式（FAPR）。处理组日粮替代了对照日粮中100 g/kg干物质（DM）的饲料原料。除FAPR外，所有处理组的成本均低于对照组。24小时培养后，含SCG及其发酵形式的日粮的中性洗涤纤维消化率显著低于其他日粮（P<0.01）；预发酵有提高中性洗涤纤维消化率的趋势（P=0.07），尤其是对于APR。与对照组相比，添加SCG显著降低了24小时发酵后的总产气量（ml/g DM）（P<0.05）；然而，按韩元（KRW）计算，对照组与SCG或APR日粮之间的总产气量没有显著差异。与对照组相比，添加SCG或FSCG的日粮按韩元计算的总挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）浓度有更高的趋势（P=0.06）。相反，按韩元计算，SCG和APR的发酵过程显著降低了总产气量和VFA产量（P<0.05）。由于其营养成分和相对较低的成本，我们得出结论，SCG和APR可以用作替代饲料来源，替代传统饲料原料。然而，考虑到生产成本的增加，对SCG和APR等农业副产品进行预发酵可能不适用于提高其营养价值。
