Köprücü Kenan, Yonar Muhammet Enis, Özcan Sinan
Fisheries Faculty, Fırat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey.
Fisheries Faculty, Fırat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey.
Anim Reprod Sci. 2015 Dec;163:135-43. doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.10.008. Epub 2015 Oct 20.
This study examined the effect of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels; semen and liver fatty acid compositions; and spermatological values (semen volume and pH, sperm density, percentage and duration of sperm motility) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) under regular stripping conditions. For this purpose, one control and two experimental diets were prepared as isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The control diet did not contain n-3 PUFA. However, the D1 and D2 diets were supplemented with n-3 PUFA concentrated anchovy oil at a 1% and 2% level, respectively. The n-3 PUFA content in the semen and liver, semen volume, initial sperm motility, duration of 50% sperm motility, total duration of sperm motility and sperm density values of the control fish fed the n-3 PUFA-deficient diet were decreased and were accompanied by a reduction of the antioxidant defense (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and GSH) and an elevation of MDA in the blood, gonad, liver and kidney at all of the sampling periods (P<0.01 for each case). However, the effects of the sampling period on the MDA and antioxidant defense values in the blood, gonad, liver and kidney of the control diet fish (with the exception of the GSH and GSH-Px activities) and the D1 and D2 diet fish were not significant (P>0.01). However, supplementation with n-3 PUFA protected the fish from these adverse effects. The modulations were clearly observed in the fish fed the D2 diet because they were under lower oxidative stress, as indicated by MDA. The increased enzyme activity corresponds with the physiological mechanisms combating the elevation of free radicals under oxidative stress. The highest n-3 PUFA levels in the semen and liver and spermatological values were obtained from the fish fed the D2 diet at all of the sampling periods. On the other hand, the effects of the sampling stage on the spermatological values of the fish fed the D1 and D2 diets were not significant (P>0.01). However, the effects of the sampling stage in the fish fed the control diet on these values (with the exception of semen pH) were significant (P<0.01). In conclusion, the addition and balance of n-3 PUFA in the diet of broodstock fish can improve sperm quality and ultimately cause successful reproduction.
本研究考察了日粮中n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）对虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）在定期采精条件下丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平；精液和肝脏脂肪酸组成；以及精子学指标（精液体积和pH值、精子密度、精子活力百分比和持续时间）的影响。为此，制备了一种对照日粮和两种实验日粮，使其等氮且等热。对照日粮不含n-3 PUFA。然而，D1和D2日粮分别添加了1%和2%水平的富含n-3 PUFA的鳀鱼油。饲喂缺乏n-3 PUFA日粮的对照鱼，其精液和肝脏中的n-3 PUFA含量、精液体积、初始精子活力、50%精子活力持续时间、精子活力总持续时间和精子密度值均降低，并且在所有采样期，其血液、性腺、肝脏和肾脏中的抗氧化防御（SOD、CAT、GSH-Px和GSH）降低，MDA升高（每种情况P<0.01）。然而，采样期对对照日粮鱼（GSH和GSH-Px活性除外）以及D1和D2日粮鱼的血液、性腺、肝脏和肾脏中MDA和抗氧化防御值的影响不显著（P>0.01）。然而，补充n-3 PUFA可使鱼免受这些不利影响。在饲喂D2日粮的鱼中能清楚观察到这些调节作用，因为如MDA所示，它们处于较低的氧化应激状态。酶活性增加与氧化应激下对抗自由基升高的生理机制相对应。在所有采样期，饲喂D2日粮的鱼的精液和肝脏中n-3 PUFA水平最高，精子学指标也最佳。另一方面，采样阶段对饲喂D1和D2日粮鱼的精子学指标的影响不显著（P>0.01）。然而，采样阶段对饲喂对照日粮鱼的这些指标（精液pH值除外）的影响显著（P<0.01）。总之，在亲鱼日粮中添加和平衡n-3 PUFA可提高精子质量并最终实现成功繁殖。
