Omarova Elena O, Nazarov Pavel A, Firsov Alexander M, Strakhovskaya Marina G, Arkhipova Anastasia Yu, Moisenovich Mikhail M, Agapov Igor I, Ol'shevskaya Valentina A, Zaitsev Andrey V, Kalinin Valery N, Kotova Elena A, Antonenko Yuri N
Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
PLoS One. 2015 Nov 4;10(11):e0141990. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141990. eCollection 2015.
Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation is currently being widely considered as alternative to antibiotic chemotherapy of infective diseases, attracting much attention to design of novel effective photosensitizers. Carboranyl-chlorin-e6 (the conjugate of chlorin e6 with carborane), applied here for the first time for antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation, appeared to be much stronger than chlorin e6 against Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphyllococcus aureus and Mycobacterium sp. Confocal fluorescence spectroscopy and membrane leakage experiments indicated that bacteria cell death upon photodynamic treatment with carboranyl-chlorin-e6 is caused by loss of cell membrane integrity. The enhanced photobactericidal activity was attributed to the increased accumulation of the conjugate by bacterial cells, as evaluated both by centrifugation and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Gram-negative bacteria were rather resistant to antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation mediated by carboranyl-chlorin-e6. Unlike chlorin e6, the conjugate showed higher (compared to the wild-type strain) dark toxicity with Escherichia coli ΔtolC mutant, deficient in TolC-requiring multidrug efflux transporters.
抗菌光动力灭活目前被广泛认为是感染性疾病抗生素化疗的替代方法,这吸引了人们对新型有效光敏剂设计的高度关注。首次用于抗菌光动力灭活的碳硼烷基二氢卟吩 - e6(二氢卟吩e6与碳硼烷的共轭物),对革兰氏阳性菌,如枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和分枝杆菌属,似乎比二氢卟吩e6的抗菌能力强得多。共聚焦荧光光谱和膜渗漏实验表明,用碳硼烷基二氢卟吩 - e6进行光动力处理后细菌细胞死亡是由细胞膜完整性丧失引起的。通过离心和荧光相关光谱评估,增强的光杀菌活性归因于细菌细胞对共轭物积累的增加。革兰氏阴性菌对碳硼烷基二氢卟吩 - e6介导的抗菌光动力灭活相当耐药。与二氢卟吩e6不同,该共轭物对缺乏需要TolC的多药外排转运蛋白的大肠杆菌ΔtolC突变体显示出更高(与野生型菌株相比)的暗毒性。