Odunaiya N A, Louw Q A, Grimmer K A
Division of Physiotherapy, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
Department of Physiotherapy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2015 Nov 4;15:144. doi: 10.1186/s12872-015-0134-x.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a public health concern worldwide. Hypertensive heart disease is predominant in Nigeria. To effectively reduce CVD in Nigeria, the prevalence of, and factors associated with, pre-hypertension in Nigerian youth first need to be established.
A locally-validated CVD risk factor survey was completed by 15-18 year olds in a rural setting in south-west Nigeria. Body Mass Index (BMI), waist-hip ratio and systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured. Putative risk factors were tested in gender-specific hypothesized causal pathways for overweight/obesity, and for pre-hypertension.
Of 1079 participants, prevalence of systolic pre-hypertension was 33.2 %, diastolic pre-hypertension prevalence approximated 5 %, and hypertension occurred in less than 10 % sample. There were no gender differences in prevalence of pre- hypertension, and significant predictors of systolic pre-hypertension (high BMI and older age) were identified. Considering high BMI, older age was a risk for both genders, whilst fried food preference was female-only risk, and low breakfast cereal intake was a male-only risk.
Rural Nigerian adolescents are at-risk of future CVD because of lifestyle factors, and high prevalence of systolic pre-hypertension. Relevant interventions can now be proposed to reduce BMI and thus ameliorate future rural adult Nigerian CVD.
心血管疾病（CVD）是全球公共卫生关注的问题。高血压性心脏病在尼日利亚最为常见。为有效降低尼日利亚的心血管疾病发生率，首先需要确定尼日利亚青年人群中高血压前期的患病率及其相关因素。
在尼日利亚西南部农村地区，15 - 18岁的青少年完成了一项经过本地验证的心血管疾病风险因素调查。测量了体重指数（BMI）、腰臀比以及收缩压和舒张压。在超重/肥胖以及高血压前期的特定性别假设因果路径中对假定的风险因素进行了测试。
在1079名参与者中，收缩期高血压前期患病率为33.2%，舒张期高血压前期患病率约为5%，高血压在不到10%的样本中出现。高血压前期患病率不存在性别差异，并且确定了收缩期高血压前期的重要预测因素（高BMI和年龄较大）。考虑到高BMI，年龄较大对两性都是一个风险因素，而偏爱油炸食品是仅针对女性的风险因素，早餐谷类食品摄入量低是仅针对男性的风险因素。
由于生活方式因素以及收缩期高血压前期的高患病率，尼日利亚农村青少年面临未来患心血管疾病的风险。现在可以提出相关干预措施以降低BMI，从而改善未来尼日利亚农村成年人的心血管疾病状况。
