Cristale Joyce, Ramos Dayana D, Dantas Renato F, Machulek Junior Amilcar, Lacorte Silvia, Sans Carme, Esplugas Santiago
Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-2, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 1555, CP 549, CEP 79074-460 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
Environ Res. 2016 Jan;144(Pt A):11-18. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.10.008. Epub 2015 Nov 2.
This study aims to determine the occurrence of 10 OPFRs (including chlorinated, nonchlorinated alkyl and aryl compounds) in influent, effluent wastewaters and partitioning into sludge of 5 wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in Catalonia (Spain). All target OPFRs were detected in the WWTPs influents, and the total concentration ranged from 3.67 µg L(-1) to 150 µg L(-1). During activated sludge treatment, most OPFRs were accumulated in the sludge at concentrations from 35.3 to 9980 ng g(-1) dw. Chlorinated compounds tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) and tris(2,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate (TDCPP) were not removed by the conventional activated sludge treatment and they were released by the effluents at approximately the same inlet concentration. On the contrary, aryl compounds tris(methylphenyl) phosphate (TMPP) and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDP) together with alkyl tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) were not detected in any of the effluents. Advanced oxidation processes (UV/H2O2 and O3) were applied to investigate the degradability of recalcitrant OPFRs in WWTP effluents. Those detected in the effluent sample (TCEP, TCIPP, TDCPP, tributyl phosphate (TNBP), tri-iso-butyl phosphate (TIBP) and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP)) had very low direct UV-C photolysis rates. TBOEP, TNBP and TIBP were degraded by UV/H2O2 and O3. Chlorinated compounds TCEP, TDCPP and TCIPP were the most recalcitrant OPFR to the advanced oxidation processes applied. The study provides information on the partitioning and degradability pathways of OPFR within conventional activated sludge WWTPs.
本研究旨在确定西班牙加泰罗尼亚地区5家污水处理厂进水、出水废水中10种有机磷酸酯阻燃剂（包括氯化、非氯化烷基和芳基化合物）的出现情况以及它们在污泥中的分配情况。所有目标有机磷酸酯阻燃剂均在污水处理厂进水中被检测到，总浓度范围为3.67 µg L⁻¹至150 µg L⁻¹。在活性污泥处理过程中，大多数有机磷酸酯阻燃剂以35.3至9980 ng g⁻¹干重的浓度积累在污泥中。氯化化合物三（2-氯乙基）磷酸酯（TCEP）、三（2-氯异丙基）磷酸酯（TCIPP）和三（2,3-二氯丙基）磷酸酯（TDCPP）不能通过传统活性污泥处理去除，并且它们在出水中的释放浓度与进水浓度大致相同。相反，芳基化合物三（甲基苯基）磷酸酯（TMPP）和2-乙基己基二苯基磷酸酯（EHDP）以及烷基三（2-乙基己基）磷酸酯（TEHP）在任何出水中均未被检测到。应用高级氧化工艺（UV/H₂O₂和O₃）来研究污水处理厂出水中难降解有机磷酸酯阻燃剂的降解性。在出水样品中检测到的那些（TCEP、TCIPP、TDCPP、磷酸三丁酯（TNBP）、磷酸三异丁酯（TIBP）和三（2-丁氧基乙基）磷酸酯（TBOEP））直接UV-C光解速率非常低。TBOEP、TNBP和TIBP可被UV/H₂O₂和O₃降解。氯化化合物TCEP、TDCPP和TCIPP是所应用的高级氧化工艺最难降解的有机磷酸酯阻燃剂。该研究提供了有关有机磷酸酯阻燃剂在传统活性污泥污水处理厂中的分配和降解途径的信息。
