Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
Glob Chang Biol. 2016 Feb;22(2):704-15. doi: 10.1111/gcb.13117. Epub 2015 Nov 6.
To slow the rate of global species loss, it is imperative to understand how to restore and maintain native biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. Currently, agriculture is associated with lower spatial heterogeneity and turnover in community composition (β-diversity). While some techniques are known to enhance α-diversity, it is unclear whether habitat restoration can re-establish β-diversity. Using a long-term pollinator dataset, comprising ∼9,800 specimens collected from the intensively managed agricultural landscape of the Central Valley of California, we show that on-farm habitat restoration in the form of native plant 'hedgerows', when replicated across a landscape, can boost β-diversity by approximately 14% relative to unrestored field margins, to levels similar to some natural communities. Hedgerows restore β-diversity by promoting the assembly of phenotypically diverse communities. Intensively managed agriculture imposes a strong ecological filter that negatively affects several important dimensions of community trait diversity, distribution, and uniqueness. However, by helping to restore phenotypically diverse pollinator communities, small-scale restorations such as hedgerows provide a valuable tool for conserving biodiversity and promoting ecosystem services.
为了减缓全球物种丧失的速度，当务之急是了解如何在农业景观中恢复和维持本地生物多样性。目前，农业与较低的空间异质性和群落组成（β多样性）周转率有关。虽然已知一些技术可以提高α多样性，但尚不清楚生境恢复是否可以重新建立β多样性。本研究使用了一个长期的传粉媒介数据集，该数据集由加利福尼亚州中央谷高度集约化农业景观中收集的约 9800 个样本组成，研究表明，以原生植物“树篱”形式进行的农场内生境恢复，如果在景观中进行复制，可以将β多样性提高约 14%，使其与一些自然群落的水平相当。树篱通过促进表型多样化的群落组装来恢复β多样性。集约化农业施加了强烈的生态过滤，这对群落特征多样性、分布和独特性的几个重要维度都有负面影响。然而，通过帮助恢复表型多样化的传粉媒介群落，小规模的恢复（如树篱）为保护生物多样性和促进生态系统服务提供了一个有价值的工具。
