Cytoskeletal signaling in TGFβ-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a physiological process that plays an important role in embryonic development and wound healing and is appropriated during pathological conditions including fibrosis and cancer metastasis. EMT can be initiated by a variety of factors, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and is characterized by loss of epithelial features including cell-cell contacts and apicobasal polarity and acquisition of a motile, mesenchymal phenotype. A key feature of EMT is reorganization of the cytoskeleton and recent studies have elucidated regulation mechanisms governing this process. This review describes changes in gene expression patterns of cytoskeletal associated proteins during TGFβ-induced EMT. It further reports TGFβ-induced intracellular signaling cascades that regulate cytoskeletal reorganization during EMT. Finally, it highlights how changes in cytoskeletal architecture during EMT can regulate gene expression, thus further promoting EMT progression.