理解限制因子与固有免疫：来自灵长类慢病毒的见解与经验教训。
Understanding restriction factors and intrinsic immunity: insights and lessons from the primate lentiviruses.
作者信息
Kirmaier Andrea, Krupp Annabel, Johnson Welkin E
机构信息
Biology Department, Boston College, 550 Higgins Hall, 140 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.
Biology Department, Boston College, 550 Higgins Hall, 140 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA ; Institut für Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
出版信息
Future Virol. 2014;9(5):483-497. doi: 10.2217/FVL.14.25.
Primate lentiviruses include the HIVs, HIV-1 and HIV-2; the SIVs, which are endemic to more than 40 species of nonhuman primates in Africa; and SIVmac, an AIDS-causing pathogen that emerged in US macaque colonies in the 1970s. Because of the worldwide spread of HIV and AIDS, primate lentiviruses have been intensively investigated for more than 30 years. Research on these viruses has played a leading role in the discovery and characterization of intrinsic immunity, and in particular the identification of several antiviral effectors (also known as restriction factors) including APOBEC3G, TRIM5α, BST-2/tetherin and SAMHD1. Comparative studies of the primate lentiviruses and their hosts have proven critical for understanding both the evolutionary significance and biological relevance of intrinsic immunity, and the role intrinsic immunity plays in governing viral host range and interspecies transmission of viruses in nature.
灵长类慢病毒包括人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV），即HIV - 1和HIV - 2；猴免疫缺陷病毒（SIV），它在非洲40多种非人灵长类动物中呈地方性流行；以及SIVmac，一种在20世纪70年代出现在美国猕猴群体中的致艾滋病病原体。由于HIV和艾滋病在全球范围内传播，灵长类慢病毒已经被深入研究了30多年。对这些病毒的研究在固有免疫的发现和特性描述方面发挥了主导作用，特别是在鉴定包括载脂蛋白B mRNA编辑酶催化多肽样蛋白3G（APOBEC3G）、三聚体基序蛋白5α（TRIM5α）、BST - 2/束缚素和SAMHD1在内的几种抗病毒效应蛋白（也称为限制因子）方面。灵长类慢病毒及其宿主的比较研究已被证明对于理解固有免疫的进化意义和生物学相关性，以及固有免疫在决定病毒宿主范围和自然界中病毒种间传播方面所起的作用至关重要。
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