Division of Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention Department of Psychology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland.
Institute of Psychology Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy University of Berne Berne Switzerland.
JMIR Ment Health. 2015 May 8;2(2):e15. doi: 10.2196/mental.4157. eCollection 2015 Apr-Jun.
Adjustment disorders (also known as mental distress in response to a stressor) are among the most frequently diagnosed mental disorders in psychiatry and clinical psychology worldwide. They are also commonly diagnosed in clients engaging in deliberate self-harm and in those consulting general practitioners. However, their reputation in research-oriented mental health remains weak since they are largely underresearched. This may change when the International Statistical Classification of Diseases-11 (ICD-11) by the World Health Organization is introduced, including a new conceptualization of adjustment disorders as a stress-response disorder with positively defined core symptoms.
This paper provides an overview of evidence-based interventions for adjustment disorders.
We reviewed the new ICD-11 concept of adjustment disorder and discuss the the rationale and case study of an unguided self-help protocol for burglary victims with adjustment disorder, and its possible implementation as an eHealth intervention.
Overall, the treatment with the self-help manual reduced symptoms of adjustment disorder, namely preoccupation and failure to adapt, as well as symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress.
E-mental health options are considered uniquely suited for offering early intervention after the experiences of stressful life events that potentially trigger adjustment disorders.
适应障碍（也称为应激相关的精神障碍）是全球精神病学和临床心理学中最常诊断的精神障碍之一。在故意自残的患者和咨询全科医生的患者中也常被诊断出。然而，由于对它们的研究不足，它们在以研究为导向的心理健康领域的声誉仍然较弱。当世界卫生组织的《国际疾病分类-11》（ICD-11）引入时，这种情况可能会改变，包括将适应障碍重新概念化为一种具有明确核心症状的应激反应障碍。
本文提供了适应障碍的循证干预措施概述。
我们回顾了适应障碍的新 ICD-11 概念，并讨论了针对盗窃受害者的适应障碍的无指导自助方案的基本原理和案例研究，以及将其作为电子健康干预措施实施的可能性。
总体而言，自助手册的治疗降低了适应障碍的症状，即困扰和适应不良，以及抑郁、焦虑和压力的症状。
电子心理健康选择被认为特别适合在经历可能引发适应障碍的生活应激事件后提供早期干预。
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