Phoku J Z, Barnard T G, Potgieter N, Dutton M F
Water and Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Gauteng, South Africa.
Environmental Health, Domestic Hygiene and Microbial Pathogens Research Group, Department of Microbiology, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2016 Jan 18;217:177-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.10.028. Epub 2015 Oct 28.
Several insects that act as vectors, including houseflies (Musca domestica L.), are often considered to be an important source of fungal contamination in human foods. Houseflies are also involved in the transmission of bacterial pathogens that may pose a serious hazard to human health. Thus, the rural population of South Africa, as typified by that in the Gauteng Province investigated in this study, is at high risk from fungal exposure disseminated by houseflies and it is therefore important to assess the role of flies in contaminating various food commodities. Eighty four samples of houseflies (captured from households and pit toilets) were studied for their potential to carry fungal spores into food commodities. The fungi occurring in samples of raw maize (15) and porridge (19) were also assessed. Fungal isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics by conventional identification methods. Fifteen genera of fungi were isolated and identified, of which Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, Cladosporium, Moniliella and Mucor were the most prevalent in all three sample types analysed. The incidence rates of fungal contamination per total fungal count isolated in houseflies, maize and porridge were recorded with mean fungal load of 2×10(8) CFU/ml, 1×10(7)CFU/g and 2×10(7)CFU/g respectively. Additionally, A. flavus, A. parasiticus, F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, P. verrucosum, P. aurantiogriseum and M. suaveolens were the most frequent fungal isolates in houseflies with incidence rate of 34%, 11%, 27%, 21%, 22%, 17% and 32% respectively. F. verticillioides, A. flavus, A. niger and P. oslonii were the most prevalent species contaminating porridge and maize with incidence rate of 23%, 32%, 16% and 28% in maize samples, while incidence rates of 59%, 15% and 29% were recorded in porridge samples with the exception of F. verticillioides. The prevalence of these genera of fungi may pose serious health risks.
包括家蝇（Musca domestica L.）在内的几种作为病媒的昆虫，通常被认为是人类食物中真菌污染的重要来源。家蝇还参与传播可能对人类健康构成严重危害的细菌病原体。因此，以本研究中调查的豪登省农村人口为代表，南非农村人口面临家蝇传播真菌暴露的高风险，因此评估家蝇在污染各种食品中的作用很重要。对84份家蝇样本（从家庭和坑式厕所捕获）携带真菌孢子进入食品的可能性进行了研究。还评估了生玉米（15份）和粥（19份）样本中出现的真菌。通过传统鉴定方法根据形态特征对真菌分离株进行鉴定。分离并鉴定出15个真菌属，其中曲霉属、镰刀菌属、青霉属、枝孢属、小孢霉属和毛霉属在所有三种分析样本类型中最为普遍。记录了家蝇、玉米和粥中分离出的总真菌计数中真菌污染的发生率，平均真菌载量分别为2×10(8) CFU/ml、1×10(7)CFU/g和2×10(7)CFU/g。此外，黄曲霉、寄生曲霉、轮枝镰孢、层出镰孢、疣孢青霉、橙灰青霉和柔膜菌是家蝇中最常见的真菌分离株，发生率分别为34%、11%、27%、21%、22%、17%和32%。轮枝镰孢、黄曲霉、黑曲霉和奥斯隆青霉是污染粥和玉米的最普遍物种，在玉米样本中的发生率分别为23%、32%、16%和28%，而在粥样本中，除轮枝镰孢外，发生率分别为59%、15%和29%。这些真菌属的流行可能会带来严重的健康风险。
