Institute of Wastewater Management and Water Protection, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Str. 42, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany.
Institute of Wastewater Management and Water Protection, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Str. 42, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 2016 Jan 15;542(Pt A):612-9. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.116. Epub 2015 Nov 3.
The study was performed in order to clarify whether carbamazepine-spiked solutions used as model wastewaters are suitable for the assessment of carbamazepine removal from real secondary municipal effluents by photocatalytic oxidation in the presence and absence of activated carbon. Therefore, carbamazepine (10 mg L(-1)) was dissolved in deionized water or in secondary municipal effluent. Photocatalytic oxidation of these model wastewaters was carried out with TiO2 "P25" (100 mg L(-1)) and UV-A lamps in the absence and in the presence of 20 mg L(-1) powdered activated carbon (PAC). Carbamazepine was analyzed photometrically. In deionized water at pH 5.5, carbamazepine was nearly completely removed with a UV dose of 6.48 kJ L(-1). A similar efficiency of photocatalytic oxidation of carbamazepine added to secondary effluent was observed when the suspension pH was 2.7, while at pH 8 and 10.6, carbamazepine removal from spiked secondary effluent with the same UV dose was only 40 and 60%, respectively. Although PAC addition resulted in an initial adsorptive carbamazepine reduction of 20 to 35% from the model wastewaters, it did not lead to markedly enhanced carbamazepine removal in the subsequent photocatalysis phase. During photocatalytic oxidation of unspiked secondary effluent (initial carbamazepine concentration: 133 ng L(-1)) at pH 7.3 with and without PAC, carbamazepine concentrations were analyzed by HPLC/MS/MS. While PAC addition resulted in the adsorption of about 90% of the initial carbamazepine, photocatalysis did not lead to any carbamazepine removal at all. This indicates that the experiments with spiked model wastewaters – even in a secondary effluent matrix – are absolutely inadequate for predicting photocatalytic carbamazepine removal under real conditions.
该研究旨在阐明卡马西平加标溶液作为模型废水是否适用于评估在存在和不存在活性炭的情况下，通过光催化氧化从实际二级城市废水中去除卡马西平。因此，将卡马西平（10mg/L）溶解在去离子水或二级城市废水中。在不存在和存在 20mg/L 粉末活性炭（PAC）的情况下，用 TiO2“P25”（100mg/L）和 UV-A 灯对这些模型废水进行光催化氧化，并进行光催化氧化。卡马西平用光度计分析。在 pH5.5 的去离子水中，在 6.48kJ/L 的紫外线剂量下，卡马西平几乎被完全去除。当悬浮液 pH 值为 2.7 时，观察到向二级废水添加卡马西平的光催化氧化效率相似，而在 pH 值为 8 和 10.6 时，用相同的紫外线剂量从加标二级废水中去除卡马西平的效率仅分别为 40%和 60%。尽管 PAC 的添加导致模型废水中卡马西平的初始吸附减少了 20%至 35%，但在随后的光催化阶段并未导致卡马西平的去除率显著提高。在 pH7.3 时，在有无 PAC 的情况下，对未加标二级废水（初始卡马西平浓度：133ng/L）进行光催化氧化，用 HPLC/MS/MS 分析卡马西平浓度。虽然 PAC 的添加导致约 90%的初始卡马西平被吸附，但光催化根本没有导致任何卡马西平的去除。这表明，即使在二级废水基质中，用加标模型废水进行的实验 - 根本不足以预测实际条件下的光催化卡马西平去除。
