Kontos Christos K, Adamopoulos Panagiotis G, Scorilas Andreas
a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Athens , Athens , Greece.
Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2015;15(12):1567-76. doi: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1110022. Epub 2015 Nov 7.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of cancer death among males, especially in more developed countries. Diagnosis is often achieved at an early stage of the disease with prostate biopsy, following a screening test showing elevated serum levels of prostate-specific antigen or a positive digital rectal examination. Early detection of PCa has led to a substantial decline in the number of metastatic patients. However, the prostate-specific antigen screening test has proved to be a double-edged sword so far, as it also accounts for PCa overdiagnosis. Due to the variability of PCa features, accurate prognosis of PCa patients is very important for determining treatment options. Therefore, this review focuses on the most promising prognostic and predictive biomarkers in PCa, which are likely to play a pivotal role, alone or in panels, in the personalized medicine era that has recently emerged.
前列腺癌（PCa）是男性癌症死亡的主要原因之一，尤其是在较发达国家。在筛查试验显示血清前列腺特异性抗原水平升高或直肠指检呈阳性后，通常通过前列腺活检在疾病早期进行诊断。PCa的早期检测已导致转移性患者数量大幅下降。然而，迄今为止，前列腺特异性抗原筛查试验已被证明是一把双刃剑，因为它也导致了PCa的过度诊断。由于PCa特征的变异性，准确预测PCa患者的预后对于确定治疗方案非常重要。因此，本综述重点关注PCa中最有前景的预后和预测生物标志物，这些生物标志物可能单独或组合在最近出现的个性化医学时代发挥关键作用。
