Heller Aaron S, Casey B J
Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Miami, USA.
Dev Sci. 2016 Jan;19(1):3-18. doi: 10.1111/desc.12373. Epub 2015 Nov 8.
The study of development is, in and of itself, the study of change over time, but emotions, particularly emotional reactivity and emotional regulation, also unfold over time, albeit over briefer time-scales. Adolescence is a period of development characterized by marked changes in emotional processes and rewiring of the underlying neural circuitry, making this time of life formative. Yet this period is also a time of increased risk for anxiety and mood disorders. Changes in the temporal dynamics of emotional processes (e.g. magnitude, time-to-peak and duration) occur during this developmental period and have been associated with risk for mood and anxiety disorders. In this article, we describe how the temporal dynamics of emotions change during adolescence and how they may increase risk for these psychopathologies. We highlight studies that illustrate how formalizing temporal neurodynamics of emotion may enhance links among levels of analyses from neurobiological to real-world, moment-to-moment experiences.
发展研究本身就是对随时间变化的研究，而情绪，尤其是情绪反应性和情绪调节，也会随时间展开，尽管时间尺度更短。青春期是一个发展阶段，其特点是情绪过程发生显著变化，潜在神经回路重新布线，使这段人生时光具有塑造性。然而，这个时期也是焦虑和情绪障碍风险增加的时期。情绪过程的时间动态变化（如强度、峰值时间和持续时间）在这个发育阶段会发生，并且与情绪和焦虑障碍的风险有关。在本文中，我们描述了情绪的时间动态在青春期如何变化，以及它们如何可能增加这些精神病理学的风险。我们重点介绍了一些研究，这些研究说明了将情绪的时间神经动力学形式化如何可能加强从神经生物学水平到现实世界、即时体验的各分析层次之间的联系。
