Liu Rui, Xu Kang-Ping, Tan Gui-Shan
Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China.
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China.
Eur J Pharmacol. 2015 Dec 15;769:127-33. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.11.007. Epub 2015 Nov 5.
The most common and leading cause of cancer-related death in men is lung cancer. Despite the recent advances in chemotherapy, advanced lung cancer still remains incurable. For this, the understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in lung carcinogenesis is necessary to provide potentially effective therapeutic targets for the treatment of lung cancer, and thus the therapeutic limitations can be overcome. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an important inflammation factor that is reported to be up-regulated in different cancers. A number of COX-2 inhibitors have been developed, but most of them are restricted due to the different risk factors. Currently, the FDA has allowed celecoxib to remain on the market but advised physicians to apply this drug with alternative therapies or to use at a low dosage. Some other COX-2 inhibitors, such as, apricoxib and etoricoxib are under critical investigation currently. Celecoxib is being tested in clinical trials against lung cancer, as a single agent or in combination with other agents. Recent studies have suggested celecoxib as a feasible and clinically active regimen in the treatment of patients with lung cancer. However, more clinical trials are necessary for the better understanding of the role of selective COX-2 inhibitors in the prevention and treatment of lung cancer along with their assessment of toxicity. In this review, we have discussed the mechanism of actions of COX-2 in cancer progression and the therapeutic use of COX-2 inhibitors in the treatment of lung cancer with subsequent clinical studies and future management.
男性中与癌症相关死亡的最常见和主要原因是肺癌。尽管化疗最近取得了进展，但晚期肺癌仍然无法治愈。因此，了解肺癌发生过程中涉及的分子机制对于为肺癌治疗提供潜在有效的治疗靶点是必要的，从而可以克服治疗上的局限性。环氧化酶-2（COX-2）是一种重要的炎症因子，据报道在不同癌症中上调。已经开发了许多COX-2抑制剂，但由于不同的风险因素，大多数受到限制。目前，美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）已允许塞来昔布继续留在市场上，但建议医生将该药物与替代疗法联合使用或低剂量使用。其他一些COX-2抑制剂，如阿普昔布和依托考昔目前正在接受严格审查。塞来昔布正在作为单一药物或与其他药物联合用于肺癌的临床试验中进行测试。最近的研究表明，塞来昔布在肺癌患者治疗中是一种可行且具有临床活性的治疗方案。然而，需要更多的临床试验来更好地了解选择性COX-2抑制剂在肺癌预防和治疗中的作用及其毒性评估。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了COX-2在癌症进展中的作用机制以及COX-2抑制剂在肺癌治疗中的治疗用途，并进行了后续临床研究和未来管理探讨。
