Pham Thi Mien, Wiese Jutta, Wenzel-Storjohann Arlette, Imhoff Johannes F
Department of Marine Microbiology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
Department of Marine Ecology, Institute of Oceanography, 01 Cau Da, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam.
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2016 Jan;109(1):105-19. doi: 10.1007/s10482-015-0613-1. Epub 2015 Nov 11.
It is well recognized that microorganisms associated with marine invertebrates, in particular sponges and hard corals, are an excellent source of new natural products. Therefore, the diversity of bacteria associated with marine invertebrates and their potential to produce bioactive compounds have received much attention in recent years. We report here for the first time on the biodiversity of bacteria associated with the soft coral Alcyonium digitatum, which is abundant in the Baltic Sea. In order to increase the cultured diversity, bacteria were isolated using four different media, identified with support of 16S rRNA gene sequences and screened for antimicrobial activity using two different media. Activity of crude extracts was tested against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and the yeast Candida albicans. A total of 251 coral-associated bacterial isolates were classified and found to belong to 41 species in 14 genera of the Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Alphaproteobacteria. The genus Bacillus was most abundant and diverse with 17 recognized species. Forty-eight percent of all 251 isolates exhibited antimicrobial activity. All isolates of Bacillus methylotrophicus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens displayed inhibition of at least three out of the four tested microorganisms. It became obvious during this study that the production of antibiotic substances not only is strain-specific, but in many cases also depends on the media composition and growth conditions. In addition, the antimicrobial potential of bacteria associated with A. digitatum may represent a promising source for antimicrobial substances.
人们普遍认识到，与海洋无脊椎动物，特别是海绵和硬珊瑚相关的微生物是新型天然产物的极佳来源。因此，近年来，与海洋无脊椎动物相关的细菌多样性及其产生生物活性化合物的潜力受到了广泛关注。我们首次在此报告了与波罗的海丰富的软珊瑚指形海葵相关的细菌的生物多样性。为了增加培养的多样性，使用四种不同的培养基分离细菌，通过16S rRNA基因序列进行鉴定，并使用两种不同的培养基筛选抗菌活性。测试粗提物对枯草芽孢杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌的活性。总共对251株与珊瑚相关的细菌分离株进行了分类，发现它们属于厚壁菌门、放线菌门、γ-变形菌纲和α-变形菌纲14个属的41个物种。芽孢杆菌属最为丰富多样，有17个已知物种。所有251株分离株中有48%表现出抗菌活性。所有甲基营养型芽孢杆菌和解淀粉芽孢杆菌分离株对四种测试微生物中的至少三种表现出抑制作用。在这项研究中很明显，抗生素物质的产生不仅具有菌株特异性，而且在许多情况下还取决于培养基组成和生长条件。此外，与指形海葵相关的细菌的抗菌潜力可能是抗菌物质的一个有前景的来源。
