Gaspar de Matos Margarida, Palmeira Antonio L, Gaspar Tania, De Wit John B F, Luszczynska Aleksandra
a Institute for Environmental Health , University of Lisbon , Lisbon , Portugal.
b Faculty of Human Kinetics , University of Lisbon , Lisbon , Portugal.
Glob Public Health. 2016;11(4):437-48. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2015.1094106. Epub 2015 Nov 13.
The impact of the social environment on healthy eating awareness results from complex interactions among physical, economic, cultural, interpersonal and individual characteristics. This study investigated the impact of social support and social influence on healthy eating awareness, controlling for socio-economic status, gender and age. Additionally, the mediating effect of self-regulation strategies was examined. A total of 2764 children and adolescents aged 10-17 from four European countries completed self-report measures on healthy eating awareness, social influence and the use of self-regulation strategies. Healthy eating awareness and the use of self-regulation strategies were more likely to occur among younger participants. An interaction between gender and age was related to the use of some self-regulation strategies; compared to girls, boys decreased the use of self-regulation strategies more from pre-adolescence to adolescence. Peer social influence was associated with more unhealthy eating in older participants. Results suggest a need to promote self-regulatory competences among young people in order to assist them with regulating their eating behaviours, especially in the presence of peers. Both school-based interventions and family-based interventions, focusing on self-regulation cognitions and social (peer) influence, could help children and adolescents to use self-regulatory strategies which are essential to eat healthier.
社会环境对健康饮食意识的影响源于身体、经济、文化、人际和个人特征之间的复杂相互作用。本研究调查了社会支持和社会影响对健康饮食意识的影响，并控制了社会经济地位、性别和年龄因素。此外，还检验了自我调节策略的中介作用。来自四个欧洲国家的2764名10至17岁的儿童和青少年完成了关于健康饮食意识、社会影响和自我调节策略使用情况的自我报告测量。健康饮食意识和自我调节策略的使用在较年轻的参与者中更有可能出现。性别和年龄之间的相互作用与某些自我调节策略的使用有关；与女孩相比，男孩从青春期前到青春期更多地减少了自我调节策略的使用。同伴社会影响与年龄较大的参与者中更多的不健康饮食有关。结果表明，有必要在年轻人中促进自我调节能力，以帮助他们调节饮食行为，特别是在有同伴在场的情况下。以学校为基础的干预措施和以家庭为基础的干预措施，关注自我调节认知和社会（同伴）影响，都可以帮助儿童和青少年使用对更健康饮食至关重要的自我调节策略。
