Bier Markus
Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany and Institut für Theoretische Physik IV, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2015 Oct;92(4):042128. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.92.042128. Epub 2015 Oct 12.
The concept of a nonequilibrium interfacial tension, defined via the work required to deform a system such that the interfacial area is changed while the volume is conserved, is investigated theoretically in the context of the relaxation of an initial perturbation of a colloidal fluid towards the equilibrium state. The corresponding general formalism is derived for systems with planar symmetry and applied to fluid models of colloidal suspensions and polymer solutions. It is shown that the nonequilibrium interfacial tension is not necessarily positive, that negative nonequilibrium interfacial tensions are consistent with strictly positive equilibrium interfacial tensions, and that the sign of the interfacial tension can influence the morphology of density perturbations during relaxation.
通过使系统变形所需的功来定义非平衡界面张力的概念，即在保持体积不变的情况下改变界面面积，本文在胶体流体初始扰动向平衡态弛豫的背景下对其进行了理论研究。针对具有平面对称性的系统推导了相应的一般形式，并应用于胶体悬浮液和聚合物溶液的流体模型。结果表明，非平衡界面张力不一定为正，负的非平衡界面张力与严格为正的平衡界面张力是一致的，并且界面张力的符号会影响弛豫过程中密度扰动的形态。
