Sakaluk John Kitchener, Gillath Omri
Department of Psychology, University Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Deerfield Hall Rm. 4098, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada.
Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
Arch Sex Behav. 2016 Feb;45(2):339-52. doi: 10.1007/s10508-015-0618-x. Epub 2015 Nov 13.
Research on attachment and condom use has been limited to correlational studies of self-report measures, yielding inconsistent results. Here, we examined the causal effects of attachment priming on self-reported condom use attitudes and an observational measure of condom acquisition behavior. In three experiments, participants were exposed to one of three attachment primes (security, anxiety, or avoidance) or a control prime. For Study 1, participants in the security and anxiety conditions preferred condom non-use to a greater extent, compared to participants in the avoidance condition. This effect was replicated in Study 2, and was mediated by perceptions of sexual health threat. In Study 3, the effect of security priming on condom acquisition behavior was eliminated through the use of a framing manipulation, though the effect of primed attachment on condom use attitudes was not significant. A meta-analysis, however, revealed that the predicted effects of attachment priming were consistent across the three studies, supporting the role of attachment in evaluations of condom use. Priming attachment security or anxiety leads participants to perceive their sexual partners as less of a sexual health threat, resulting in a devaluation of condom use. Primed security also reduced condom acquisition behavior, though this negative effect eliminated by framing condoms as protecting a partner's sexual health. Overall, these studies suggest that relational factors, such as attachment, require greater consideration when studying sexual health and designing interventions.
关于依恋与避孕套使用的研究仅限于自我报告测量的相关性研究，结果并不一致。在此，我们研究了启动依恋对自我报告的避孕套使用态度以及避孕套获取行为观察指标的因果效应。在三项实验中，参与者被暴露于三种依恋启动条件（安全型、焦虑型或回避型）之一或一个对照启动条件下。在研究1中，与回避型条件下的参与者相比，安全型和焦虑型条件下的参与者在更大程度上倾向于不使用避孕套。这一效应在研究2中得到了重复，并且是由对性健康威胁的认知所介导的。在研究3中，通过使用框架操纵消除了安全启动对避孕套获取行为的影响，尽管启动依恋对避孕套使用态度的影响并不显著。然而，一项元分析显示，依恋启动的预期效应在三项研究中是一致的，支持了依恋在避孕套使用评估中的作用。启动依恋安全型或焦虑型会使参与者将其性伴侣视为性健康威胁较小，从而导致对避孕套使用的贬低。启动安全型也减少了避孕套获取行为，尽管通过将避孕套描述为保护伴侣的性健康，这种负面影响得以消除。总体而言，这些研究表明，在研究性健康和设计干预措施时，诸如依恋等关系因素需要得到更多的考虑。
