Lelli Davide, Moreno Ana, Steyer Andrej, Nagliˇc Tina, Chiapponi Chiara, Prosperi Alice, Faccin Francesca, Sozzi Enrica, Lavazza Antonio
Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Viruses. 2015 Nov 11;7(11):5844-54. doi: 10.3390/v7112908.
A renewed interest in mammalian orthoreoviruses (MRVs) has emerged since new viruses related to bat MRV type 3, detected in Europe, were identified in humans and pigs with gastroenteritis. This study reports the isolation and characterization of a novel reassortant MRV from the lesser horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus hipposideros). The isolate, here designated BatMRV1-IT2011, was first identified by electron microscopy and confirmed using PCR and virus-neutralization tests. The full genome sequence was obtained by next-generation sequencing. Molecular and antigenic characterizations revealed that BatMRV1-IT2011 belonged to serotype 1, which had not previously been identified in bats. Phylogenetic and recombination detection program analyses suggested that BatMRV1-IT2011 was a reassortant strain containing an S1 genome segment similar to those of MRV T1/bovine/Maryland/Clone23/59 and C/bovine/ Indiana/MRV00304/2014, while other segments were more similar to MRVs of different hosts, origins and serotypes. The presence of neutralizing antibodies against MRVs has also been investigated in animals (dogs, pigs, bovines and horses). Preliminary results suggested that MRVs are widespread in animals and that infections containing multiple serotypes, including MRVs of serotype 1 with an S1 gene similar to BatMRV1-IT2011, are common. This paper extends the current knowledge of MRVs and stresses the importance to continue and improve MRV surveillance in bats and other mammals through the development and standardization of specific diagnostic tools.
自从在欧洲检测到与蝙蝠3型正呼肠孤病毒相关的新型病毒，并在患有肠胃炎的人类和猪身上发现后，人们对哺乳动物正呼肠孤病毒（MRV）重新产生了兴趣。本研究报告了从小马蹄蝠（Rhinolophus hipposideros）中分离出一种新型重配MRV并对其进行表征。该分离株在此命名为BatMRV1-IT2011，首先通过电子显微镜鉴定，然后使用PCR和病毒中和试验进行确认。通过下一代测序获得了全基因组序列。分子和抗原表征显示，BatMRV1-IT2011属于1型血清型，此前未在蝙蝠中发现过。系统发育和重组检测程序分析表明，BatMRV1-IT2011是一种重配株，其S1基因组片段与MRV T1/牛/马里兰/克隆23/59和C/牛/印第安纳/MRV00304/2014的相似，而其他片段与不同宿主、来源和血清型的MRV更相似。还对动物（狗、猪、牛和马）中针对MRV的中和抗体的存在情况进行了研究。初步结果表明，MRV在动物中广泛存在，包含多种血清型的感染很常见，其中包括具有与BatMRV1-IT2011相似S1基因的1型血清型MRV。本文扩展了目前对MRV的认识，并强调通过开发和标准化特定诊断工具，继续并加强对蝙蝠和其他哺乳动物的MRV监测的重要性。
