Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Daan District, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Department of Surgery, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Shilin District, Taipei 111, Taiwan, Republic of China.
J Med Syst. 2016 Jan;40(1):35. doi: 10.1007/s10916-015-0367-3. Epub 2015 Nov 14.
Brain metastases are commonly found in patients that are diagnosed with primary malignancy on their lung. Lung cancer patients with brain metastasis tend to have a poor survivability, which is less than 6 months in median. Therefore, an early and effective detection system for such disease is needed to help prolong the patients' survivability and improved their quality of life. A modified electromagnetism-like mechanism (EM) algorithm, MEM-SVM, is proposed by combining EM algorithm with support vector machine (SVM) as the classifier and opposite sign test (OST) as the local search technique. The proposed method is applied to 44 UCI and IDA datasets, and 5 cancers microarray datasets as preliminary experiment. In addition, this method is tested on 4 lung cancer microarray public dataset. Further, we tested our method on a nationwide dataset of brain metastasis from lung cancer (BMLC) in Taiwan. Since the nature of real medical dataset to be highly imbalanced, the synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) is utilized to handle this problem. The proposed method is compared against another 8 popular benchmark classifiers and feature selection methods. The performance evaluation is based on the accuracy and Kappa index. For the 44 UCI and IDA datasets and 5 cancer microarray datasets, a non-parametric statistical test confirmed that MEM-SVM outperformed the other methods. For the 4 lung cancer public microarray datasets, MEM-SVM still achieved the highest mean value for accuracy and Kappa index. Due to the imbalanced property on the real case of BMLC dataset, all methods achieve good accuracy without significance difference among the methods. However, on the balanced BMLC dataset, MEM-SVM appears to be the best method with higher accuracy and Kappa index. We successfully developed MEM-SVM to predict the occurrence of brain metastasis from lung cancer with the combination of SMOTE technique to handle the class imbalance properties. The results confirmed that MEM-SVM has good diagnosis power and can be applied as an alternative diagnosis tool in with other medical tests for the early detection of brain metastasis from lung cancer.
脑转移瘤常见于被诊断为原发性肺癌的患者中。患有脑转移的肺癌患者生存能力较差,中位生存时间不到 6 个月。因此,需要一种早期且有效的疾病检测系统来帮助延长患者的生存时间并提高他们的生活质量。我们提出了一种改进的电磁样机制(EM)算法,即 MEM-SVM,它将 EM 算法与支持向量机(SVM)作为分类器和相反符号检验(OST)作为局部搜索技术相结合。该方法应用于 44 个 UCI 和 IDA 数据集以及 5 个癌症微阵列数据集进行初步实验。此外,还在 4 个肺癌微阵列公共数据集上测试了该方法。进一步,我们在台湾的全国性肺癌脑转移数据集(BMLC)上测试了我们的方法。由于真实医疗数据集的性质高度不平衡,因此使用合成少数过采样技术(SMOTE)来处理这个问题。我们将该方法与另外 8 种流行的基准分类器和特征选择方法进行了比较。性能评估基于准确性和 Kappa 指数。对于 44 个 UCI 和 IDA 数据集以及 5 个癌症微阵列数据集,非参数统计检验证实 MEM-SVM 优于其他方法。对于 4 个肺癌公共微阵列数据集,MEM-SVM 仍然在准确性和 Kappa 指数方面取得了最高的平均值。由于 BMLC 数据集的不平衡性质,所有方法的准确性都很高,并且方法之间没有显著差异。然而,在平衡的 BMLC 数据集上,MEM-SVM 似乎是最好的方法,具有更高的准确性和 Kappa 指数。我们成功地开发了 MEM-SVM,以结合 SMOTE 技术来处理类别不平衡特性,从而预测肺癌脑转移的发生。结果证实 MEM-SVM 具有良好的诊断能力,可作为其他医疗检测的替代诊断工具,用于早期检测肺癌脑转移。