International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, United States.
Sci Total Environ. 2016 Feb 1;543(Pt A):19-27. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.005. Epub 2015 Nov 12.
Phthalates are widely used in consumer products. People are frequently exposed to phthalates due to their applications in daily life. In this study, 14 phthalate metabolites were analyzed in 108 urine samples collected from Chinese young adults using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The total concentrations of 14 phthalate metabolites ranged from 71.3 to 2670 ng/mL, with the geometric mean concentration of 306 ng/mL. mBP and miBP were the two most abundant compounds, accounting for 48% of the total concentrations. Principal component analysis suggested two major sources of phthalates: one dominated by the DEHP metabolites and one by the group of mCPP, mBP and miBP metabolites. The estimated daily intakes of DMP, DEP, DBP, DiBP and DEHP were 1.68, 2.14, 4.12, 3.52 and 1.26-2.98 μg/kg-bw/day, respectively. In a sensitivity analysis, urinary concentration and body weight were the most influential variables for human exposure estimation. Furthermore, cumulative risk for hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) were evaluated. Nearly half of Chinese young adults had high HI values exceeding the safe threshold. This is the first study on the occurrence and human exposure to urinary phthalate metabolites with Chinese young adults.
邻苯二甲酸酯广泛应用于消费产品。由于其在日常生活中的应用，人们经常接触邻苯二甲酸酯。在这项研究中，使用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对 108 名中国年轻成年人的尿液样本中 14 种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物进行了分析。14 种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物的总浓度范围为 71.3-2670ng/mL，几何平均值为 306ng/mL。mBP 和 miBP 是两种最丰富的化合物，占总浓度的 48%。主成分分析表明邻苯二甲酸酯有两个主要来源：一个以 DEHP 代谢物为主，另一个以 mCPP、mBP 和 miBP 代谢物为主。DMP、DEP、DBP、DiBP 和 DEHP 的估计每日摄入量分别为 1.68、2.14、4.12、3.52 和 1.26-2.98μg/kg-bw/day。在敏感性分析中，尿液浓度和体重是人体暴露估计最具影响力的变量。此外，还评估了危害商（HQ）和危害指数（HI）的累积风险。近一半的中国年轻成年人的 HI 值很高，超过了安全阈值。这是首次对中国年轻成年人尿液中邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物的发生和人体暴露情况进行的研究。
