Tagelsir Azza, Yassen Ghaeth H, Gomez Grace F, Gregory Richard L
Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana.
Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana.
J Endod. 2016 Feb;42(2):258-62. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.09.023. Epub 2015 Nov 11.
We evaluated the effect of various antimicrobials used in endodontic regeneration on a 3-week-old Enterococcus faecalis biofilm.
E. faecalis biofilm was grown on standardized dentin samples for 3 weeks. Infected dentin samples were randomized into 8 experimental groups (n = 8) and treated with calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2), 500 mg/mL of double antibiotic paste (DAP, equal portions of metronidazole and ciprofloxacin), low dilutions of DAP (1 or 0.1 mg/mL loaded into a methylcellulose vehicle system), sterile saline, or placebo paste (only methylcellulose) for 7 days. The other experimental groups were treated with 1.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) or 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) solutions for 5 minutes. After the assigned treatments, the bacterial biofilms were detached from dentin, spiral plated, and quantified using an automated counting machine. Permutation tests followed by Sidak post hoc multiple comparisons were used for statistical analyses (α = 0.05).
The infected dentin treated with 1.5% NaOCl or 500 mg/mL of DAP provided complete eradication of bacterial biofilm. Furthermore, the infected dentin treated with 2% CHX, Ca(OH)2, or 1 mg/mL of DAP had a comparable antibiofilm effect, but they were not able to completely eradicate bacterial biofilm. No significant difference in the antibiofilm effect was observed between 500 mg/mL of DAP, Ca(OH)2, 1.5% NaOCl, and 2% CHX.
At least 1 mg/mL of DAP in a methylcellulose vehicle system is required to eliminate a substantial amount of E. faecalis biofilm. Furthermore, the antibiofilm effects of 1.5% NaOCl and 2% CHX irrigation solutions were comparable with that of 500 mg/mL of DAP and Ca(OH)2.
我们评估了用于牙髓再生的各种抗菌剂对3周龄粪肠球菌生物膜的作用。
将粪肠球菌生物膜在标准化牙本质样本上培养3周。将感染的牙本质样本随机分为8个实验组（n = 8），并用氢氧化钙（Ca[OH]2）、500 mg/mL的双抗生素糊剂（DAP，甲硝唑和环丙沙星等量混合）、低稀释度的DAP（1或0.1 mg/mL装入甲基纤维素载体系统）、无菌盐水或安慰剂糊剂（仅甲基纤维素）处理7天。其他实验组用1.5%次氯酸钠（NaOCl）或2%葡萄糖酸氯己定（CHX）溶液处理5分钟。在指定处理后，将细菌生物膜从牙本质上分离，进行螺旋平板接种，并使用自动计数机进行定量。采用置换检验并结合Sidak事后多重比较进行统计分析（α = 0.05）。
用1.5% NaOCl或500 mg/mL的DAP处理的感染牙本质可完全根除细菌生物膜。此外，用2% CHX、Ca(OH)2或1 mg/mL的DAP处理的感染牙本质具有相当的抗生物膜作用，但它们不能完全根除细菌生物膜。在500 mg/mL的DAP、Ca(OH)2、1.5% NaOCl和2% CHX之间未观察到抗生物膜作用的显著差异。
在甲基纤维素载体系统中，至少需要1 mg/mL的DAP才能消除大量粪肠球菌生物膜。此外，1.5% NaOCl和2% CHX冲洗液的抗生物膜作用与500 mg/mL的DAP和Ca(OH)2相当。
