Bowen Raven R
Durham University.
Can Rev Sociol. 2015 Nov;52(4):429-49. doi: 10.1111/cars.12085.
Many studies of exit from sex work are inspired by role theory, where people experience a lack of attachment to a role; are faced with individual, interactional, and structural challenges; contemplate transition and exit a role; and then struggle to establish postrole identities and new lives. This framework has been used to explicate the factors and experiences of those who leave or attempt to leave the sex industry; however, it is limited because studies present sex work as a harmful and dangerous profession that people are trapped in, escaping, or have survived. In this paper, I discuss Vancouver's history of violence against sex workers and I review research on sex work exiting and bring forward recommendations for the design of exit program based on the experiences of 22 active and former off-street sex workers from Vancouver, British Columbia. I describe study participants who include Sex-Work-No-More participants who would not return to the industry, Sex-Work-Maybe participants who consider reinvolvement, and Dual-Life participants who are employed in sex work and conventional work simultaneously. These participants uniquely challenge narrow, binary understandings of involvement and transition because they discuss their use of deception to obtain resources needed to make change; the support that clients have provided; their strategic engagement in sex work as a means to exit; their considerations of reentry; and for some, their dual employment. In light of new legislation that criminalizes activities related to sex work-the Protection of Communities and Exploited Persons Act-and the Federal government announcement of $20 million dollars for the creation of exit services nationwide, hearing from sex workers is essential to advancing agendas in this area.
许多关于退出性工作的研究都受到角色理论的启发，在该理论中，人们体验到对某种角色缺乏归属感；面临个人、互动和结构方面的挑战；思考转变并退出某种角色；然后努力建立角色后的身份认同和新生活。这一框架已被用于阐释那些离开或试图离开性产业的人的因素和经历；然而，它存在局限性，因为研究将性工作描述为一种有害且危险的职业，人们被困其中、试图逃离或从中幸存下来。在本文中，我讨论了温哥华针对性工作者的暴力历史，并回顾了关于退出性工作的研究，同时根据来自不列颠哥伦比亚省温哥华的22名在职和前非街头性工作者的经历，提出了关于退出项目设计的建议。我描述了研究参与者，包括不会再回到该行业的“不再从事性工作”参与者、考虑重新涉足的“可能从事性工作”参与者，以及同时从事性工作和传统工作的“双重生活”参与者。这些参与者独特地挑战了对涉足和转变的狭隘、二元理解，因为他们讨论了如何利用欺骗手段获取做出改变所需的资源；客户提供的支持；他们将战略性地从事性工作作为退出的一种手段；他们对重新进入的考虑；以及对一些人来说，他们的双重职业。鉴于将与性工作相关的活动定为犯罪的新立法——《保护社区及受剥削者法案》，以及联邦政府宣布拨款2000万美元在全国范围内创建退出服务，听取性工作者的意见对于推进该领域的议程至关重要。
