Thorsheim Karin, Siegbahn Anna, Johnsson Richard E, Stålbrand Henrik, Manner Sophie, Widmalm Göran, Ellervik Ulf
Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
Centre for Molecular Protein Science, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
Carbohydr Res. 2015 Dec 11;418:65-88. doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.10.004. Epub 2015 Oct 23.
Xylose is one of the few monosaccharidic building blocks that are used by mammalian cells. In comparison with other monosaccharides, xylose is rather unusual and, so far, only found in two different mammalian structures, i.e. in the Notch receptor and as the linker between protein and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains in proteoglycans. Interestingly, simple soluble xylopyranosides can not only initiate the biosynthesis of soluble GAG chains but also function as inhibitors of important enzymes in the biosynthesis of proteoglycans. Furthermore, xylose is a major constituent of hemicellulosic xylans and thus one of the most abundant carbohydrates on Earth. Altogether, this has spurred a strong interest in xylose chemistry. The scope of this review is to describe synthesis of xylopyranosyl donors, as well as protective group chemistry, modifications, and conformational analysis of xylose.
木糖是哺乳动物细胞所利用的为数不多的单糖结构单元之一。与其他单糖相比，木糖相当独特，迄今为止，仅在两种不同的哺乳动物结构中发现，即在Notch受体中以及作为蛋白聚糖中蛋白质与糖胺聚糖（GAG）链之间的连接物。有趣的是，简单的可溶性木吡喃糖苷不仅可以启动可溶性GAG链的生物合成，还可以作为蛋白聚糖生物合成中重要酶的抑制剂。此外，木糖是半纤维素木聚糖的主要成分，因此是地球上最丰富的碳水化合物之一。总之，这激发了人们对木糖化学的浓厚兴趣。本综述的范围是描述木吡喃糖基供体的合成，以及木糖的保护基化学、修饰和构象分析。
