Raisz L G, Smith J A
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington 06032.
Annu Rev Med. 1989;40:251-67. doi: 10.1146/annurev.me.40.020189.001343.
Many risk factors that predispose to osteoporosis have been identified, but the fundamental pathogenesis remains unknown. Abnormalities in systemic calcium regulating hormones are probably less important than changes in local factors. Risk factor analysis, particularly using bone mass measurements, can provide the basis for effective prevention programs with calcium, exercise, and hormone replacement therapy. Treatment of established osteoporosis is limited. In addition to a preventive regimen, further bone loss may be prevented by fluoride therapy, which stimulates bone formation, or calcitonin, which inhibits bone resorption.
许多易导致骨质疏松症的危险因素已被确定，但根本发病机制仍不清楚。全身钙调节激素异常可能不如局部因素变化重要。危险因素分析，尤其是使用骨量测量，可为采用钙、运动及激素替代疗法的有效预防方案提供依据。已确诊骨质疏松症的治疗有限。除预防性方案外，氟化物疗法（刺激骨形成）或降钙素（抑制骨吸收）可预防进一步的骨质流失。
