Park Young Guk
Front Oral Biol. 2016;18:109-17. doi: 10.1159/000351904. Epub 2015 Nov 24.
Orthodontic tooth movement results from applied forces to the teeth evoking cellular responses in the teeth and their surrounding tissues, including the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and gingiva. It is advantageous for the orthodontist to be well informed of the detailed process of the biological events that unfold during tooth movement, since some of these details may differ from one person to another due to biological differences such as periodontal metabolism or alveolar bone density. This led us to emphasize that orthodontics is a field of endeavor where the integration of mechanics and biology is materialized, and to affirm the fact that tooth movement is conducted in individual human beings, each composed of a unique and intricate physiological system. Biological variations may be the foundation of the differences that are frequently observed in the outcomes of orthodontic treatment in particular with reference to treatment duration between patients with similar malocclusions and who were treated identically. A wide diversity of clinical trials has been carried out to control the tissue resistance to facilitate orthodontic tooth movement, which involves biomechanical, pharmaceutical, surgical, electrical regimens or tissue engineering technology. The term 'Corticision' is a neologism which indicates 'cortical bone incision'. It is a minimally invasive periodontal procedure without flap elevation, thus accelerating tooth movement with an enhanced turnover rate of the surrounding structures. This chapter introduces the technical procedure, and the biological background of how such a minor surgical procedure can receive the accelerated tooth movement with impunity and thereby shorten the duration of treatment.
正畸牙齿移动源于对牙齿施加的力，这种力会引发牙齿及其周围组织（包括牙周韧带、牙槽骨和牙龈）的细胞反应。正畸医生充分了解牙齿移动过程中发生的生物事件的详细过程是很有好处的，因为由于牙周代谢或牙槽骨密度等生物学差异，其中一些细节可能因人而异。这使我们强调正畸学是一个将力学与生物学相结合得以实现的领域，并肯定牙齿移动是在个体人类中进行的这一事实，每个人都由独特而复杂的生理系统组成。生物差异可能是正畸治疗结果中经常观察到的差异的基础，特别是在具有相似错牙合畸形且接受相同治疗的患者之间的治疗持续时间方面。已经进行了各种各样的临床试验来控制组织阻力以促进正畸牙齿移动，这涉及生物力学、药物、手术、电疗法或组织工程技术。“皮质切开术”一词是一个新词，意思是“皮质骨切开”。它是一种无需掀起皮瓣的微创牙周手术，从而通过提高周围结构的周转率来加速牙齿移动。本章介绍了该技术程序，以及这样一个小手术如何能够安然无恙地实现加速牙齿移动从而缩短治疗时间的生物学背景。
