Zientara S, Weyer C T, Lecollinet S
Rev Sci Tech. 2015 Aug;34(2):315-27. doi: 10.20506/rst.34.2.2359.
African horse sickness (AHS) is a devastating disease of equids caused by an arthropod-borne virus belonging to the Reoviridae family, genus Orbivirus. It is considered a major health threat for horses in endemic areas in sub-Saharan Africa. African horse sickness virus (AHSV) repeatedly caused large epizootics in the Mediterranean region (North Africa and southern Europe in particular) as a result of trade in infected equids. The unexpected emergence of a closely related virus, the bluetongue virus, in northern Europe in 2006 has raised fears about AHSV introduction into Europe, and more specifically into AHSV-free regions that have reported the presence of AHSV vectors, e.g. Culicoides midges. North African and European countries should be prepared to face AHSV incursions in the future, especially since two AHSV serotypes (serotypes 2 and 7) have recently spread northwards to western (e.g. Senegal, Nigeria, Gambia) and eastern Africa (Ethiopia), where historically only serotype 9 had been isolated. The authors review key elements of AHS epidemiology, surveillance and prophylaxis.
非洲马瘟（AHS）是由呼肠孤病毒科环状病毒属的一种节肢动物传播病毒引起的马属动物毁灭性疾病。它被认为是撒哈拉以南非洲流行地区马匹面临的主要健康威胁。由于感染马属动物的贸易，非洲马瘟病毒（AHSV）在地中海地区（特别是北非和南欧）多次引发大规模动物流行病。2006年，一种密切相关的病毒——蓝舌病病毒在北欧意外出现，引发了人们对AHSV传入欧洲的担忧，更具体地说是传入已报告存在AHSV传播媒介（如库蠓）的无AHSV地区。北非和欧洲国家应做好准备，应对未来AHSV的入侵，特别是因为最近有两种AHSV血清型（血清型2和7）向北传播到了西部（如塞内加尔、尼日利亚、冈比亚）和东部非洲（埃塞俄比亚），而在这些地区，历史上仅分离出了血清型9。作者综述了AHS流行病学、监测和预防的关键要素。
