Blitvich Bradley J
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 2116 Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Viruses. 2025 Jun 30;17(7):932. doi: 10.3390/v17070932.
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) significantly impact human, domestic animal, and wildlife health. While most arboviruses are transmitted to vertebrate hosts by blood-feeding mosquitoes and ticks, a growing body of evidence highlights the importance of other hematophagous arthropods in arboviral transmission. These lesser-known vectors, while often overlooked, can play crucial roles in the maintenance, amplification, and spread of arboviruses. This review summarizes our understanding of hematophagous arthropods, other than mosquitoes and ticks, in arboviral transmission, as well as their associations with non-arboviral viruses. Thirteen arthropod groups are discussed: bat flies, blackflies, cimicids (bat bugs, bed bugs, and bird bugs), midges, fleas, hippoboscid flies, lice, mites, muscid flies (including horn flies and stable flies), phlebotomine sandflies, tabanids (including deer flies and horse flies), triatomines, and tsetse flies. Some of these arthropods are regarded as known or likely arboviral vectors, while others have no known role in arbovirus transmission. Particular attention is given to species associated with arboviruses of medical and veterinary significance. As the burden of arboviruses continues to grow, it is critical not to overlook the potential contribution of these lesser-known vectors.
虫媒病毒对人类、家畜和野生动物的健康有着重大影响。虽然大多数虫媒病毒是通过吸血蚊子和蜱传播给脊椎动物宿主的，但越来越多的证据表明其他吸血节肢动物在虫媒病毒传播中也很重要。这些鲜为人知的媒介虽然常常被忽视，但在虫媒病毒的维持、扩增和传播中可以发挥关键作用。这篇综述总结了我们对除蚊子和蜱之外的吸血节肢动物在虫媒病毒传播中的理解，以及它们与非虫媒病毒的关联。文中讨论了13个节肢动物类群：蝠蝇、蚋、臭虫（蝙蝠臭虫、床虱和禽臭虫）、蠓、跳蚤、虱蝇、虱子、螨虫、蝇（包括角蝇和厩蝇）、白蛉、虻（包括鹿虻和马虻）、锥蝽和采采蝇。其中一些节肢动物被认为是已知的或可能的虫媒病毒载体，而其他一些在虫媒病毒传播中尚无已知作用。特别关注了与具有医学和兽医学意义的虫媒病毒相关的物种。随着虫媒病毒负担的持续增加，绝不能忽视这些鲜为人知的媒介的潜在贡献。
