O'Rourke Michael, Crowley Stephen, Gonnerman Chad
Department of Philosophy, Michigan State University, 503 S. Kedzie Hall, 368 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
Department of Philosophy, Boise State University, 141 Chrisway Annex #1, 2103 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States.
Stud Hist Philos Biol Biomed Sci. 2016 Apr;56:62-70. doi: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2015.10.003. Epub 2015 Nov 19.
Meeting grand challenges requires responses that constructively combine multiple forms of expertise, both academic and non-academic; that is, it requires cross-disciplinary integration. But just what is cross-disciplinary integration? In this paper, we supply a preliminary answer by reviewing prominent accounts of cross-disciplinary integration from two literatures that are rarely brought together: cross-disciplinarity and philosophy of biology. Reflecting on similarities and differences in these accounts, we develop a framework that integrates their insights-integration as a generic combination process the details of which are determined by the specific contexts in which particular integrations occur. One such context is cross-disciplinary research, which yields cross-disciplinary integration. We close by reflecting on the potential applicability of this framework to research efforts aimed at meeting grand challenges.
应对重大挑战需要建设性地结合多种专业知识形式的回应，包括学术性和非学术性的；也就是说，它需要跨学科整合。但究竟什么是跨学科整合呢？在本文中，我们通过回顾来自两个很少被放在一起的文献——跨学科性和生物学哲学——中关于跨学科整合的突出论述，给出了一个初步答案。通过思考这些论述中的异同，我们构建了一个框架，将它们的见解整合起来——整合作为一个通用的组合过程，其细节由特定整合发生的具体背景决定。这样的背景之一是跨学科研究，它产生跨学科整合。我们最后思考了这个框架对旨在应对重大挑战的研究工作的潜在适用性。
