Medeiros Luisa Nascimento, Sanchez Tanit Ganz
Department of Otolaryngology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Association for Interdisciplinary Research and Divulgation of Tinnitus, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Association for Interdisciplinary Research and Divulgation of Tinnitus, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Jan-Feb;82(1):97-104. doi: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.04.013. Epub 2015 Sep 21.
Tinnitus is a multifactorial condition and its prevalence has increased on the past decades. The worldwide progressive increase of the use of cell phones has exposed the peripheral auditory pathways to a higher dose of electromagnetic radiofrequency radiation (EMRFR). Some tinnitus patients report that the abusive use of mobiles, especially when repeated in the same ear, might worsen ipsilateral tinnitus.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the available evidence about the possible causal association between tinnitus and exposure to electromagnetic waves.
A literature review was performed searching for the following keywords: tinnitus, electromagnetic field, mobile phones, radio frequency, and electromagnetic hypersensitivity. We selected 165 articles that were considered clinically relevant in at least one of the subjects.
EMRFR can penetrate exposed tissues and safety exposure levels have been established. These waves provoke proved thermogenic effects and potential biological and genotoxic effects. Some individuals are more sensitive to electromagnetic exposure (electrosensitivity), and thus, present earlier symptoms. There may be a common pathophysiology between this electrosensitivity and tinnitus.
There are already reasonable evidences to suggest caution for using mobile phones to prevent auditory damage and the onset or worsening of tinnitus.
耳鸣是一种多因素疾病，在过去几十年中其患病率有所上升。全球手机使用的逐渐增加使外周听觉通路暴露于更高剂量的电磁射频辐射（EMRFR）中。一些耳鸣患者报告称，过度使用手机，尤其是在同一侧耳朵反复使用，可能会使同侧耳鸣加重。
本研究的目的是评估关于耳鸣与接触电磁波之间可能存在的因果关系的现有证据。
进行了一项文献综述，搜索了以下关键词：耳鸣、电磁场、手机、射频和电磁超敏反应。我们选择了165篇在至少一个主题上被认为具有临床相关性的文章。
EMRFR可以穿透暴露的组织，并且已经确定了安全暴露水平。这些波会引发已证实的产热效应以及潜在的生物和遗传毒性效应。一些个体对电磁暴露更敏感（电磁超敏反应），因此会出现更早的症状。这种电磁超敏反应和耳鸣之间可能存在共同的病理生理学。
已经有合理的证据表明，使用手机时应谨慎，以防止听觉损伤以及耳鸣的发生或加重。
